Turn Of The Century Local Governors And Qing Foreign Representations

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the west countries began to rob the sphere of influence in China. The negotiation with foreigners greatly increased in every part of China. The provincial governors-general and governors ' function, which is concerning about foreign affairs begins increasingly outstanding. This kind of outstanding function not only expresses in increase of foreign negotiating, but also expresses on the extension of the scope. Because of the restriction of time and space, this article is inconvenient to say too much. Now I will discuss in detail the function of the provincial governors-general and governors on the railroad, religion administration and mineral work, which is concerning about affairs on the north of Yangtze River. This article studies these three cases to embody the provincial governors-general and governors' function in this period.In the aspect of railroad negotiation, this article takes the Luhan railroad as an example. Through studying the typical model governors-general of provinces, such as the governors-general of Huguang and Zhili, the article embodies the important affect of provincial governors-general and governors in foreign affairs at that time. The Qing government depended on provincial governors-general and governors in three things: building Luhan railroad , establishing the policy of the government inspecting and the businessman carrying out and lending foreign loan.In the aspect of religion administration, this article takes the Boxer Movement as an example. Through comparing the different cases and result in Shandong, Zhili, Shanxi, the article embodies the huge influence of personal attitude and ability of the provincial governors-general and governors to local religion administration. Except this, they even still influence central decision and push affairs to develop on their will.In the aspect of mineral affair, the article takes Kaiping coal mine as an example. Through studying that YuanShikai who is the governors-general of Zhili province supports the Kaiping coal mine, we can see the provincial governors-general and governors's attitude to take back benefit power Movement. Because the people have discussed very much in this field, this article no longer to say excessively. Only expatiate the case of Kaiping coal mine on about 1905. This article intends to explain the function of provincial governors-general and governors in the foreign negotiation in turn of the century. And I also want to say that this function is not only influenced by personal attitude and imperial government policy, but also by the national strength.