From The "celebrity" To "adherents"

From research of ZhangDai, this paper describes plurality andcomplexity of the emotion of the survivals of the Ming dynasty becauseof a dramatic contrast between ideas and reality after national subjugation.The paper shows their plaint, agony, confession, self-reproach andimbalance of emotion, because they miss the lost times although they livein a new dynasty, refracting the anxiety, confusion of the evaluation ofself-worth, and the mystery of their spirit of gentry classes of the MingDynasty in the dynastic changes.ZhangDai was a dandy when he was young, but he became asurvival of the past dynasty when he was at middle age. So his dream wasdashed, which was reflected in his two compositions: 'Tao' an Dream'and 'West Lake Dream'. In order to save Ming culture, he wrote 'Si KuiShu'.After the Ming dynasty vanquished, ZhangDai lived in pain. Hedidn't want to drag out an ignoble existence, so he contributed to writethe history of the country. It is necessary to rebuild the system ofConfucianism.Although the Ming dynasty vanished, many survivals expected therebuilding of the country besides ZhangDai. This emotion was embodiedin his many poems. But he chose to live with shame in anticipation. This complicated emotion made him agony, even complete despair.Although ZhangDai thought fondly of his home country, he maderational analysis of the reality; he criticized the struggle of the faction,which shows his wisdom.