Modern Chinese Classification Of Solid Discourse Marker

Discourse markers are these words and phrases that the speakers use during language communications to indicate their standpoints, manners and emotions, which have important effect partially or wholly to the construction and understanding of spoken language, so they guide and restrict the language communications. Using discourse marker will not only be helpful to understand other people's language better, but also make language to be more coherent. Research deeply on them may explain the production of spoken language more scientifically, so as to make people to communicate with each other more successfully. Therefore, research on discourse marker has important theoretical value and practical significance.Factive is the essential requirement in language communication. In order to demonstrate this factive, certain special words or phrases are used to show or stress what the speaker said is true, at the same time, the speaker also hope the listener can believe this factive. This kind of words and phrases has the mark function on the factive of language and can guide the listener to understand the factive; they are named as"factive discourse markers".The first chapter is theoretical basis of this thesis, combing systemically of the theory of discourse marker. The second chapter defines the scope of factive discourse markers, and divides them into three types as"qíshí"(其实),"zhēnde"(真的) and"gu?rán"(果然). Firstly, according to their category, this chapter summarizes their semantic features, namely they mainly indicate that what is said after the discourse mark is to show the speaker's own opinion or viewpoint, and also to indicate subjective judgment, to stress that the judgment is true, so it has the meaning to reveal that"what I said is true". Secondly, this chapter summarizes their contextual features: the"qíshí"type has two kinds of contextual features; one is like"however", the meaning before the marker is inconsistent with the meaning after it, the other is like"really it is",the meanings is consistent, the marker has the function of further explanation; the contextual feature of"zhēnde"type is always that the speaker want to emphasize and confirm something or some situation; the contextual feature of"gu?rán"type is always that there is something happened under expectation or supposition. Finally, this chapter summarizes their distribution characteristics,"qíshí"type and"gu?rán"type are similar, there are certain situations before the discourse mark, which appears to indicate, revise or verify these situations, so the discourse mark always appears among the sentence, in general it doesn't appear at the beginning of a sentence. The distribution of"zhēnde"type is relatively free, which may appear among the sentence or at the beginning of the sentence, so long as there something needs to be confirmed. The third chapter in the preamble analysis's foundation summarized the factive discourse markers'function. They mark language when the words production has the confirmation, the affirmation or the emphasis, highlights states the proposition content the function. When words understanding has to the linguistic environment, the semantic information guidance function; these markers have the function which in a language construction the engagement, the definition, the words delay. The fourth chapter from the diachronic angle narrated the process of the factive discourse markers'Words and phrases of grammar, made the inspection and the diachronic analysis unified, the hope can for altogether when in the plane explained with difficulty the phenomenon provides the reasonable explanation.