Lu Case, The Aftermath On The Negotiations

In August, 1914, Japan dispatched troops to Shandong, which was called "the Shandong problem", one of the big diplomacy problems of the modern times in China. Paris Conference of 1919 not only failed to solve this problem, but made a succession of Germany to Japan in Shandong interests of the resolution, which aroused fierce opposition from the Chinese people. China refused to sign the peace treaty to Germany, the problem had become an unsettled issue, which called "Lu case" in history.In April, 1922, in Washington Convention, the two sides signed the "Treaty to resolve unsettled issues on Shandong" and"Attachment to Appointment" in accordance with the wishes and arrangements of Britain and the United States, through "marginal negotiations","Lu case" had begun to be resolved.In Washington Convention, the two sides signed the "Treaty to resolve unsettled issues on Shandong" which was only determined to resolve the problem of basic principles, there was a long time to put it into practice. After the Washington Convention, China and Japan coped with the negotiations from June 29 to November 30 in accordance with the provisions of the treaty in Beijing, and implemented specific solutions to Qingdao and Jiaoji Railway delivered to China's sovereignty matters.Since the signing of "Treaty to resolve unsettled issues on Shandong" and "Attachment to Appointment" in the Washington Convention, the Japanese dream of occupying Qingdao and Shandong was smashed. However, Japanese did not take it lying down, in the following negotiations they were unscrupulous for the right to stay special, more compensation, not only made the negotiations twists and turns, but seized a lot original interests that were not included in the peace treaty. China would be lucky to recover the sovereignty in Qingdao and Jiaoji Railway, at the same time exposed the faces of greed of the Japanese colonialists, to be diametrically opposed to struggle. The negotiations between China and Japan were difficult, twists and turns.Based on historical materialism and the relevant research results, the main body states detailedly the major issues of Lu Case in five parts."Signing the treaty of Sino-Japan resolving issues on Shandong" comments the origin of the "marginal negotiations" in Washington, the final agreement, signature of the "Treaty to resolve unsettled issues in Shandong" and "Attach to Appointment", which laid a legal foundation.for the solution to "Lu case"."Negotiations on Qingdao sovereignty" comments the negotiations between China and Japan on public property, mining, salt field, land, and the Qingdao Customs, telecommunications issues and so on. Finally, "Detailed catalogue agreement of resolving unsettled issue" was signed."Negotiations on Jiaoji Railway" firstly comments negotiations of the two sides on Jiaoji Railway relieving troop withdrawal, and it provided a security guarantee for receiving and negotiations; then comments the negotiations on Jiaoji Railway sovereignty."Detailed catalogue agreement of Shandong railway lines" was signed."The parties related in Lu case negotiations" comments the influence and role of fellow countrymen, Japanese immigrants in Qingdao and Chen Gan during the Lu case negotiations."Japan 'returns' Shandong and problem leaving over" comments a variety of dispute that Japan made in the process of "returning" Shandong,which indicated Japan would not withdraw from Shandong completely.The result of Lu case was that China recovered the sovereignty of Jiaoji Railway and Qingdao from Japan,which was an important event in the modern history of China, also a diplomatic achievement in the Chinese modern history that roused the national spirit sufficiently, strengthened enormously Chinese enthusiasm and confidence of reclamating national sovereignty through the diplomatic means.The concluding part points out: Although Qingdao and Jiaoji Railway sovereignty already had been reclaimed by the Chinese government, Japan still retained massive special rights and interests in Shandong, particularly in the economic aspect, this provided the convenient condition for Japanese invading Shandong and even the entire China. The fact proved that the imperialism would not give the weak country "the equal standing"; Backwardness will suffer beating.The nation-state should regain own sovereignty completely, support oneself truly among family of nations in the world, have to promote own comprehensive national strength with all one's strength.