| After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, caused the Qing government "used one barbarian to control the other" the diplomatic politics in the practice to encounter the serious attack, thus even more dreaded to the imperialist powers. Especially arrived in the 1890s 20 shiji chu, the imperialism raised has carved up China's raging tide, from politics, the economy, the culture and so on each aspect strengthened to China's seepage, and has dominated Qing government's power authority gradually, caused it to become the Puppet government which was at somebody's beck and call. "uses one barbarian to control the other" in fact can only be the total dependence imperialism "the power balance" maintains own decayed rule in China. The latter Qing dynasty "uses one barbarian to control the other" the diplomatic politics defeat's root to lie in political the corruption and economical backwardness."unites the Russian-made date", is the Li Hongzhang consistent initiative "uses one barbarian to control the other" the diplomatic politics center and the key. Is different along with the current situation, "unites Russia" the diplomatic foundation and the goal is not same. before 1898, Li Hongzhang "united Russia" the strategy mainly aims at Japan; after 1898, not only "unites Russia" for "the system date", but must guard against other big powers.Li Hongzhang including the Qing Dynasty ruling clique thought that should "unite Russia", "unites the Russian-made date" already is at that time the Qing Dynasty notice group ultimately. After Sino-Japanese War of 1894, czarist government stepped up the step which expands to the Far East, uses the Qing government after "the three-country interferences are also distant" feels grateful with "unites the Russian-made date" the psychology, lured the Qing government to sign "the Sino-Russian Secret treaty" successively with China and Russia "Lyuda Tenant Treaty". 1896 year on June 3, Li Hongzhang and Russian Representative Mu Lawei approximately husband, content in "Imperial Enemy Aids Treaty Mutually" separately (i.e. "the Sino-Russian Secret treaty") on signed. "Sino-Russian Secret treaty" the sign is "unites the Russian-made date" policy concrete manifestation, the secret treaty sign symbolizes that "unites the Russian-made date" the policy formation.Looked from the treaty content, although this treaty is in name China and Russia "aids the treaty mutually", but in fact the treaty content to both countries the restraint is not equal. In the long run, if the Chinese true fulfillment treaty, Russia in the wartime, usually can use resources and so on China's land, commodity, harbor to use for oneself; But China only then can enjoy in the wartime Russia fulfillment treaty's situation to certain benefits. From at that time looked that Russia realized the Siberia feeder railway to pass through Northeast China's desire, will use this approximately Russia to invade the influence perfectly justifiable extension Northeast China; But the Qing government obtains is Russia aids China's dead end to pledge, but actually paid has not had the price which originally the plan paid. Meanwhile, in the process which and the procedure signs from "the Sino-Russian Secret treaty" looked that Russia has certain compulsion and the fraudulence to the Qing government. It uses the Qing government to request reinforcements eagerly the psychology, the now's your chance, proposed that "borrows the road building" first, reconsiders the aid, forces the Qing government to comply Russia to have the condition "the aid". Therefore, "the Sino-Russian Secret treaty" is in itself an establishment "aids the treaty mutually" in the foundation of equality, its essence similarly is also a treaty of equality. As for the Chinese eastern railway afterward to the Northeast China economy's influence, was not the secret treaty original intention, the thing change often not take people's will as the shift.Signs "the Sino-Russian Secret treaty" the goal is to promote "to unite the Russian-made date" the policy development. But after secret treaty sign, the history has not looked like such development which Li Hongzhang expected. Li Hongzhang who returns to homeland from Europe once happily said: "20 year safe, always may result."The result links two year safe not to achieve. Afterward, China encounters the big powers to rent the harbor and the bay, the division sphere of influence transports wickedly. Qing Dynasty's allied country Russia bears the brunt unexpectedly."the Sino-Russian Secret treaty" the most main consequence is the Siberia feeder railway Chinese eastern railway passes through the Northeast China and the Russian influence in the Northeast area spread seepage. In the following big powers carve up in the raging tide, Russia not only has not helped China's busy, is instead intense, seizes vigorously in the Chinese benefit. The secret treaty sign builds the right of way with Russia in Northeast seizing, further went down to and controls Northeast China three provinces for the Tsarist Russia aggression influence to provide each kind of convenient, strengthened Tsarist Russia to strive for the hegemony greatly in the Far East the status, Opened Russia to invade China's front door. Russia strong according to Lushun, Dalian raised the big powers to carve up China's raging tide. Li Hongzhang's association Russia policy already completely had this time violated the original intention. "Sino-Russian Secret treaty" the sign, helped Russia to turn the Northeast China Russia's sphere of influence, will facilitate it to invade the spear point to further extend to North China and the Yangtze valley. But this simultaneously also caused the Chinese people to see clearly Tsarist Russia's true colors, soon, in the nationwide scale emerged mammoth "has resisted Russia movement". 20 shiji chu, along with Li Hongzhang's dying, "united the Russian-made date" the policy also to arrive at its terminus. |
PDF Full Text Request