Remains Off In The Shang And Zhou Dynasties In Housing Construction Types And Functional Analysis

The legacy of various building heritages and historical remains in Shang and Zhou dynasties,it contains the most important historical information. The analysis and research to the housing construction remains will be rich and substantiate to the research of Shang and Zhou dynasties, and then to encourage the studies of our early ancient civilizations. In addition, the Shang and Zhou dynasties are the early stage of ancient architecture, so on this subject is important to the research of Chinese architecture history.Current scholarship mainly focused on the building construction of Shang and Zhou dynasty, and mainly researched on a particular building construction. This kind of study is from the view of the building layout and building technical. As for the study of various types of building construction, building materials and combination of the building construction is insufficient.Therefore, this article regards building construction and building materials as a main object of study, with Guanzhong area as its boundaries.Based on previous studies, make full use of archaeological information,contacted with the relevant literature, apply the basic theory of archaeological methods, analyze various types of the housing construction and building materials, based on the type of division, to find relations between combination housing construction and building materials. Analyze characteristics of housing construction and then discuss the nature and function of housing construction.This article is divided into five parts.The first part, introduction.1976 as a boundary,divide the study to remains of building construction of Shang and Zhou dynasty in Guanzhong area into two stages, then make a general and brief evaluation of the research,and proposed the method and purpose of this study.The second part,the analysis of the type of housing construction remains. According to the different forms of housing construction,housing construction in Shang and Zhou dynastied can be divided in to rammed earth station base type,paintpot type,cave dwelling type and the earth'surface construction type of four categories.Rammed earthe station base architecture is divided into rectangular building with a gallery, courtyard-style architecture,"gong-shaped"building,multiple parallel buildings, "ping-shaped"buildings,square buildings within cellar,and many courtyard-style.Paintpot architecture can be divided into two types:shallow and deep paintpot architecture. The size of cave architecture can also be divided into two types.The third part, the analyses of the type of construction materials. There are six kind of building materials:the plate tile,round tile,tile-end,tile drainage,brick and bronze building components.Plate tile can be divided into tiles with nails,tiles with rings,tiles without nails and rings,tiles with hole and ridge tile.Round tile can be divided into tiles with nails,tiles with rings and tiles without rings and nails.Tile-end can be divided into native,repeat lines pattern and same dot circular arc pattern.Tile drainage can be classified into cylindrical pipe and tile pipe.Brick can be divided into solid bricks,hollow bricks,brick with nails and semi-circular brick.Bronze building components can be divided into square shape,square cylinder shape,wedge shape,cylindrical shape,grooved shape and flaky shape.The fourth part, the analysis of building remains and the combination of materials. Building materials can be only used in rammed earth station base architecture, seeing from the current materials, there are seven kinds of combinations to the remains of housing construction and building materials According to the changers of various types of housing construction and building materials, the remains of housing construction in Guanzhong area can be divided into five parts and three stages.The fifth part, the analysis to the functions of various types of construction remains.Rammed earth station base architecture may be the royal family or nobility, it may also be the palace, ancestral temple, or courtyard. whereas the paintpot and the cave dwelling to normal citizens as a common inhabitant place.