Emperor Qianlong And Science

In this paper, the relationship between Emperor Qianlong and the Neo-Confucianism as a starting point, by getting research on the change of Emperor Qianlong's attitude about the Neo-Confucianism, describing and demonstrating the reasons in this process, and striving to reveal the relationship and the characteristics between the rulers and the Neo-Confucianism in this period.Into the Qing Dynasty, the scholars study the development of Song, Yuan and Ming's Neo-Confucianism, and get some reflection on it. With the support of the Qing's emperors, the people in the government who believe Neo-Confucianism starting to cooperate with the Qing regime.Emperor Qianlong learns Neo-Confucian at an early age, and deeply affected by it. When he ascended the throne, he strived to preach Neo-Confucianism. He ordered the officer to write lectures about textual classics and history, and also re-opened Jing Yan, these activities all demonstrated his enthusiasm in Neo-Confucianism. At the same time, Qianlong implemented many measures to promote it in the whole society. Therefore, at the initial ruling, the Emperor Qianlong's view of the Neo-Confucianism is basically positive.Uphold the traditional critique of "Jia Daoxue" by Emperor Kangxi and Yongzheng, the Emperor Qianlong's dispraise of the Neo Zhu Chen's "words and deeds" and "good name of habits" went well. As time goes on, the Emperor Qianlong talks about different ideas with Zhu Xi's in the court lectures, and take less emphasis on it after the debate over the reform of the imperial examinations. Such change is mainly due to Emperor Qianlong does not have the same enthusiasm as his grandfather, but was more emphasis on practical aspects of Neo-Confucianism. In depth understanding of it at the same time, Emperor Qianlong found disadvantages in it. And his reform in the examination let more people who get very well with textual classics entering the political stratum, and at the same time the textual classics become the academic mainstream in this country. Emperor Qianlong emphasis on the demands of the political realities, so he asked imperial scholars should have real ability, while the measure of real ability is "a foundation in Confucius classics and history". Even so, Emperor Qianlong did not give up Neo-Confucianism and continue to elucidate the importance of it. Sometimes he says different ideas with Zhu Xi, at the same time he also affirmed Zhu Xi's view. In this period Emperor Qianlong intensified the "literary inquisition", so that more scholars get into the ranks of Confucius classics and history, less people take care of it. As Emperor Qianlong's attitude gradually clearer, even the people who believe Neo-Confucianism more often advertised through textual classics, and less relevant in Neo-Confucianism.Overall, the Emperor Qianlong's purpose of utilitarianism, on the one hand derived from the dear of Neo-Confucianism paying less concern with real political, while the other is his status as the supreme ruler who want to get many realities. So the officers who believe Neo-Confucianism diligent in dealing with day to day administrative affairs, while the other people who seek to prepare for expedition through textual critics for the practical politics, can be said that the perfect concept of the ruler. However, in this process, Neo-Confucianism is gradually losing its academic appeal, but textual critics as a new force prospered.