Suiyuan Early Political Modernization (1901-1937)

Suisun, the city bearing the rich history of the central and western region of Inner Mongolia, plays an important role throughout the whole history of China. However, Scholars recently seem to overlook the research of this area already. Suisun, as a part of China, its modernization is also part of China's modernization. The New Deal at the end of Qing Dynasty opened Suisun's modernization. After that, the process of Suisun's modernization developed gradually on the right track, through the Beijing Government, National Government's rule. Although Historically, Suisun was beyond the Great Wall frontier as well as sparsely populated, it was definitely not an unenlightened, poor and barren region. There were numerous potential impetuses of Suisun's modernization. Firstly, there was clearly a steady stream of people beyond the Great Wall. Meanwhile, the Demote as well as Loop plain nourished the fertile farming area. Finally, Genghis, Siziwangqi had so many lush pastures and large tracts of fine virgin land. No matter a country or a region, its process of modernization is complex, because it comprises economic, political, social, and cultural. Although the economic, political and cultural is an entity, as well as the economy is the most important factor among them, in some regions, government plays the same, or even more important role than economy. Based on the consideration of this, Suisun area was selected as the sample of research on political modernization.At the end of Qing Dynasty, contributed by the strong external impact, China's political modernization differentiated to two directions:in the provincial headquarters, the political modernization tended to the Specialization of political system and the fight for civil rights; in border areas, through government's deliberate undertakings, the political modernization tended to the situation in mainland, which made them to learn Chinese culture, finally making them a part of our body. This Mainland Process from the central government, made the modernization in the border more successful than the one in the provincial headquarters, because it was planned and developed gradually as well as guaranteed. Suisun areas belong to the latter, the situation in the border.Political modernization of Suisun region started so late that led the gentry of this region at that time lacked the awakening of civil rights awareness. Additionally, the motivations of the political modernization all originated from central government's planning and covet of foreign enemies, which resulted the force of Suisun's modernization to be different from other regions. The motivations of modernization in Suisun were not generated within itself, but only from the awakening of the Central Government, who selected visionary minister to operate the region. Therefore, the different motivations of political modernization led to the different purposes and results. Then, the political modernization in the region is not the fight for civil rights, but only how to reform the administrative system and how to make my Chinese culture have long roots in this growth. Consequently, the reform combined the region to China's mainland headquarters. In such a premise, the Mainland process became the only goal of the Suisun's political modernization. The Mainland Process is hardly regarded as the evolution of the modernization in China's mainland provinces, but the main content in border areas.This paper studies Suisun from 1901 to 1937, when is the early years of political modernization. In 1901, the modernization of Suisun opened,because at that time Qing government started the implementation of the New Deal in Suisun. The modernization ended in 1937, since Suisun became Japanese occupied area in three months after the Anti-Japanese War broke out, which suspended the process of modernization of Suisun. This paper will work at the growth, of early political modernity and modernization in Suisun, from political, building the political theory from the border, the rationalization and specialization of administrative bodies, professional independence of the judiciary and the modernization of police aspects, respectively. In the paper, I am trying to explore the evolution of border's characteristics of the regional political modernization, in order to lead these characteristics become the reference at present and in the future. Meanwhile, I have to highlight that in the Border Minority Areas, its early process of modernization is the Mainland Process, accompanied by conflicts of interest between Mongolians and Han ethnic group and environmental damage. However, all of these adverse impacts are labor pains of modern development which we could not avoid. During the process of Suisun's modernization, the Qing government, the Beijing Government, National Government all contributed to it in both subjective and objective ways.