Qichao Constitutional Theory

Liangqi-chao is a great ideologist.He had searched after the way of realizing constitutional system in China for almost lifetime.But his thought was changing with the changed times .He once brought forward constitutional monarchy, autarchy with democracy, powerless emperor republican and democracy republican etc. But there is a constant core always in his idea which was constitutional polity must be realized in China, and wanted to be in keeping nation, social stability to enter a core for realizing national rich and strong, democracy gradually.This thesis induces his constitutional idea from four aspects according to its variety development and evaluates his constitutional idea from the all aspects. At the same time the thesis also pointed out the revelation to our today constitutional government developments.The first part induces Liangqi-chao's constitutional idea during the period WUXU -reaform.During this period his idea primarily were :first advocating democracy and establishing parliament; secondly motivating wisdom of people and presenting rights to people; thirdly motivating wisdom of gentlemen and officeholder, presenting rights to gentlemen; fourthly attaching importance to king's power and changing the officeholder system. During this period Liangqi-chao's idea was attaching importance to king's power and making people's rights depending on in the monarchic power, advocacing the people's rights is coexistence with monarchic power . He animadverted autarchy strongly ,publized democratic rights and advocated constitutionality .He thought that realizing the constitutional monarchy was only way for China before constitutional polity because the people didn't have enough ablity to realize it. Therefore increasing citizen's ablity was the base of his idea.The second part introduces his constitutional polity when he was forced to leave China .Liangqi-chao had been existed in abroad for fifteen years after the reforming the failure .During this period he put forward perfectly his idea on constitutional monarchy and autarchy with democracy, at the same he opposed democracy republican from radical revolution. He thought that autarchy with democracy was a transition from autarchy to democracy republican, the idea was reflected in his whole thinking .The third part expatiates his thought during xinhai- revolution and early constitutional government, powerless emperor republican was his first reaction toxinhai- revolution. He wanted to force qing-govemment to implement constitutional monarchy. The democracy republican had become the realistic circumstance after xinhai-revolution victory, he supported the democracy republican rapidly and put forward his own assertion on the national system in the democracy republican, that was it was not practicing in China to implement the federal system of the United States. He thought that China must have a powerful government at that time in order to realizes gradually national rich and strong, democracy, so he choosed to cooperate with Yuanshi-kai. When Yuanshi-kai restoresd monarchy and disorder was appeared in China ,he was forced to think again the way of proceeding to Chinese constitutional government developments.The four-part summarizes his thought when he existed political stage. In 1917 Liangqi-chao existed political stage because Duanqi-zhui's cabinet collapsed. In the end of 1918,he started to travel in the European, during the traveling he understood that it was the important reason to cause constitute the political system in the Chinese hard establishment which was there wasn't social condition .He explained again and again that the Chinese political progresses consisted in and political level in exaltation with citizen's consciousness, changed the people's political behavior method. He thought that it was foundation as the democracy realized and should regard homologous and social power . At the same time,it was feasible to join together the Chinese history culture factor when we studied the western constitutional government.The social political theory in west of the modern age is basis of Liang's idea , Euro-American great powers is his ideal model.Therefore, exploring the way to develop and design the constitutional government system for China was the core in his thought. This make its constitutional government thought take the fresh and clear ages special features.When we head for the constitutional government, it will have to inspire to us doubtless that we look back and think again this greatest constitutional idea which was put forward by the thinker who lived in the beginning of the Chinese constitutional government developments, especially in the aspects of how treating the western system civilization, how handling study the western and making a point of our own history culture tradition at the same time and how keeping the society politics steady with following the sequence advancing gradually .