| In addition, higher education tends to be universal, highly educated employed population increasing year by year. Most graduates choose to live in the big cities, their low incomes and expenses, are vulnerable to poverty, an important part of the new urban poor groups.Xian is one of the fastest economic development in the Northwest, income gap between urban dwellers in the development is growing, poverty levels significantly increased and poverty increasingly in the limelight.Against this background, this article empirical research on the main city of Xian, based on the results of existing research, supported by ArcGIS9.3spatial analysis, spatial statistics、urban geography、urban sociology and other disciplines related to the theory. On the basis of the first-hand and others data. The purpose of this article is to research composition of the new urban poverty, as well as of1990,2000and2013three sections in the new framework and its characteristics. And on this basis, to its mechanisms were discussed.This paper is divided into six chapters:The first chapter is the introduction. In this chapter, the author analysis of the background and significance of the study and presents research ideas and framework. The second chapter is for the domestic and foreign related research progress. Firstly, Introduces the definition of urban poverty, such as the new urban poverty、urban poverty、urban poverty concentration in underprivileged areas and so on, then introduces algorithm on the poverty line, and finally on present situation of study on the basic theories of space and urban poverty at home and abroad are reviewed. The third chapter is status and characteristics of urban poverty. This paper first describes the study area, and then use the combining Engel’s coefficient and median income methods to Calculate poverty line in the year of1990,2000and2013. Descript on the size and composition of the new urban poverty in XI’an city, and deprived its cluster analysis and classification of the basic features. The fourth chapter is a new pattern of urban poverty research xi’an since1990, is divided into1990,2000and2013. The chapter using the integrated poverty index, measuring three-time section of street poverty levels, and using ArcGIS9.3analysis of the three-section XI of the new urban poverty patterns and poverty groups by sex, residence, level of education, type of occupation and source of housing characteristics. The fifth chapter analysis on the formation of a new pattern of urban poverty in these six areas:the social stratification、the urban development of the city’s history and genetic factors、macro-control in urban planning、land use system reforms and the transformation of the old city、the loose system of household registration、housing and welfare distribution system and its market-oriented reform. The sixth chapter is conclusion and discussion. Mainly sums up the main conclusion of this article, points out the shortages existing in the research and the problem need to be further discussed in the future.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) the xi’an new urban poverty population is more complex. Form1990s, the magnitude and extent of the new urban poor groups of XIan presents the first increasing and then decreasing trends and demographic composition characterized by diversified and complicated character.(2) xi ’an new pattern of urban poverty has obvious transitional characteristics. Xian City poverty pattern experience has by "radioactive embedded sets distribution" to "by South to North gradually enhanced" again to obviously of "radiation shaped enhanced" of changes; poverty population of household composed still to local household mainly, but foreign poverty population of proportion in gradually increased; poverty population of qualifications lower, still to junior high school mainly, but high qualifications poverty population of proportion in gradually increases; poverty population of career constitute still to in-service low-income population for main, but in-service low-income and non-in-service population by involves of career type increased.(3) The new pattern of urban poverty form the process of transforming from planned economy to market economy. Government、market、social and historical factors affecting its formation and development. Diversity of ownership and distribution system contributed to the differentiation of social classes of the city; Historical factors is the background of the space formation and evolution of urban poverty; Urban planning factors at the macro-level influences the city pattern; reform of the system of land use and modification of old city policies facilitate the emigration of poor residential areas; Permanent residency management system formation of marginal urban areas owing to the loose clusters of floating population; Market-oriented reforms in the housing distribution system allows differentiation of living needs to be achieved, which affected the city of Xi’an evolution and reconstruction of the pattern of urban poverty. |
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