Macrobenthic Ecology Of The Intertidal Zones Of Yellow River Delta

This research area for the intertidal zone of Yellow River delta, including the Yellow River delta and typical intertidal area of Laizhou bay, from Zhangweixin river in Binzhou to Qimu island in Yantai. Biomass and habitat density of macrofauna were investigated by quantitative study in May., October.and November. Including the community structure, type, quantity and distribution characteristics of macrofauna in intertidal zone. The macrobenthic biodiversity were analyzed through multivariate statistic analysis. In addition, we also measured the quality of macrobenthic in the intertidal zone. Residue analysis of elements of organisms are: petroleum, total mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. Finally, compared the survey area about the sea and other waters in the intertidal ecology of macrobenthos to historical data to understand the large-scale changes in benthos in the intertidal zone of the Yellow River delta in recent years.This study collected 161 species of macrobenthos, including the majority species of Mollusca, Annelida and Arthropoda, and 62 speices of Mollusca, share 38.51% of the total number of species; 48 speices of Annelida, share 29.81% of the total number of species; 38 speices of Arthropoda, share 23.60% of the total number of species; and 13 speices of others, share 8.07% of the total number of speices. For the number of the biological species, the benthic organisms in the autumn were much more than the spring's. Biomass of the entire survey area in spring was 21.28g/m~2 to 9238.32g/m~2, with an average of 601.54g/m~2; the habitat density was 24.00ind/m~2 to 20968.00 ind/m~2, with an average of 1843.16ind/m~2. Biomass of the autumn was 3.72 g/m~2 to 3444.80g/m~2, with an average of 586.53g/m~2; the habitat density was 16.00 ind/m~2 to 7056.00ind/m~2, with an average of 1527.33ind/m~2. Vertical distribution of biomass in spring was: low tide zone > middle tide zone > climax zone; Vertical distribution of the habitat density was: low tide zone > middle tide zone > climax zone; Vertical distribution of biomass in autumn was: middle tide zone > low tide zone > climax zone; Vertical distribution of the habitat density was: low tide one > climax zone > middle tide zone. Compared with historical data, the survey of large benthic biomass and habitat density have very different values from the early nineties; compared with the Jiaozhou Bay and the Yellow Sea, the biomass and habitat density of macrobenthos in the survey stations are higher than before. The survey of the species composition, biomass, habitat density, have undergone a significant seasonal variation. Although the dominant species in the survey area were different in two seasons, but the difference is small, and there were 6 dominant species of the spring and autumn.It has some seasonal changing phenomenon in the spring and autumn for the common types.The average content of the heavy metals As, Hg, petroleum and other pollution elements in the Benthic animals of the Yellow River Delta in spring and autumn were less than one class of the marine living standards; The average content of Pb in each station of spring was just as the standard value as one class, and was more than one class of marine life in the autumn; the average content of Cd in the spring and autumn were both more than one class of marine life of the standard.Analyze the diversity index of species communities in the survey area, in the spring, its biological diversity index from the high tide to low tide zone area showed gradually increasing trend; and in the autumn, with middle tide zone's biodiversity index > low tide zone's Biodiversity index > high tide zone's biodiversity index. The survey of the macrobenthic community diversity index and evenness were decreased, which may be related to the human activities.