Research Of The Sustainable Development In Mining Area Of Shenmu Based On Ecological Footprint Mode

The development of the coal resource plays an important role in socialconstruction and economic development, but a series of environmental problems hadhappened at the same time. The coal is important but non-renewable, so thesustainable development of the coal mining area has been paid more attention.Shenmu is the coal accumulated centre of the Shenfu Dongsheng Jurassic coalfield.With its high quality coal, Shenmu has become a typical mining county and thelargest coal producer in China's counties. In the paper, ecological footprint, which is acommonly quantitative method to measure sustainable development in the world, wasused to research the sustainable development of the mining area, with Shenmu as anexample.In the paper, we calculated the ecological footprint and biocapacity of theShenmu County from2004to2009, and analyzed its sustainable development presentsituation and the change of these years; Then the paper analysed energy footprint inorder to find the influence factors and control its ecological footprint; After that, thepaper explored the possibilities of building nonrenewable resources ecologicalcompensation fund using ecological footprint model and ecological compensationtheories; At last, based on the results of analysis, some measures for the sustainabledevelopment of Shenmu County were suggested. The main results were summarizedas follows:(1)The results showed: In2009, the ecological footprint was20.075ha per capita(It is14times biocapacity)when the total energy consumption (energy consumptioncoming from industrial and non-industrial production) was used to calculate theecological footprints, whereas the ecological surplus was0.091ha per capita when thenon-industrial energy consumption was used. The ecological deficit was mainly derived from the industrial energy consumption, and that energy was provided byShenmu County but consumed outside of it. This means the ecological footprints ofShenmu County were shifted from the outside.(2) The results showed that the ecological deficit increased from2.092ha/cap (Itis1.5times biocapacity) to20.185ha/cap (It is15.3times biocapacity), and theproportion of energy footprint increased from73.7%to93.8%. Shenmu County is amining county. The huge ecological deficit and the high proportion of energy footprintshould be paid high attention by the local government.(3) Energy footprint indexes showed that the dependence and sensitivity degreeof the economic development to energy became better after the year of2006inShenmu County. Energy footprint factor decomposition model indicated that energyfootprint was mainly affected by the effect of economic development, the intensity ofenergy has offset a little of the ecological hazard due to economic development afterthe year of2006, and the structure of energy has barely changed during these years.The ecological pressure of Shenmu County was mainly from the rapid growth of GDPand the expanding size of the economy.(4) Energy footprint is the main component of the per capita ecological footprintof Shenmu. The correlation degree of coke production and the energy footprint is0.919by using Grey Correlation Degree. In a multiple stepwise regression analysis,only the coke production was positive predictors of the pre capita energy footprint.Regression equation is y=3.348+3.24×10-6x (y: the per capita energy footprint, x: thecoke production). The main influence of energy footprint is the coke production. Themain influence of the per capita ecological footprint is the per capita energy footprint.So the main influence of the per capita ecological footprint is the coke production.