1968~1980 Research On The Campaign Of Sending Down Young Intellectuals To The Countryside In Gansu

The movement of the educated youths who went to mountainous areas and countryside was a nationwide mass movement in the Cultural Revolution and it was an ignorable historical phenomenon in contemporary Chinese history.The importances of it are as follows:first,a long time, it lasted 20 years from the mid 50s of last century to the end of 1980. The second is that it was broad, involving the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, small cities and vast rural areas, spreading from the mainland to the frontier.Third,large number of people, the number of educated youth who went to rural areas amounted to more than 17 million people, including 200 thousand people in Gansu Province.Fourth,it is youth issues, and it related to the country's future, destiny and the future development of society. Fifth, as a historical phenomenon that has ended, but its impact is far from over, and its role and defects will gradually be revealed. The movement of the educated youths who went to mountainous areas and countryside was not only a part of Gansu youth movement, but also one part of a part of contemporary history in Gansu province in 1960s and 1970s. At present, the academic research about it is rare; especially the academic monographs of educated youth movement in Gansu province are not yet available. Hereby, on trial for the above, please the experts and readers feel free to criticize and correct.In thesis the author collects related material through literature method and oral history, and divided declination and exam and so on, and in order to make a fair, rational, objective analysis, and present the historical facts in the broadest sense.The ideas and main contents of this article are as follows: First, The movement of the educated youths who went to mountainous areas placed the background of the educated youth movement nationwide, made the typical urban residents Huining county in Gansu Province as a primer, expand on the discussion of the movement of the educated youths going to mountainous areas in Gansu Province.Second, the article states the organization structure of Gansu educated youth movement and mobilization policies, from macroscopic view, grasping the policy guide for the educated youth movement in order to understand the reasons process for The movement of the educated youths going to mountainous areas on all sides.Third, it introduces the status of the farm (Corps) and some rural areas of Gansu receiving and arranging for the educated youths. The article mainly makes a brief description of the form of emplacement, appropriation of funds, housing problem, the supply of rations and other aspects of the management of the educated youth in order to understand the Government's attitude on the educated youth movement. Fourth, by means of narrating the mental journey of the educated youth by adopting "re-education" of the poor peasants, the article resolves some of the reasonable or unreasonable conduct, actions and attitude at that very time, and strives to see them more hidden depths of the soul.Arduous life of the educated youth created the character of their perseverance; complex social environment cultivated their good at learning, the quality of hard thinking; the rough road of life and tribulations trained character of their self-improvement.all this provide the mirror for the life journey of the new generation.Meanwhile, the educated youth adopting "re-education" of the poor peasants not only was a vivid reflection of the special historical circumstances, but also directly affects the campaign process of the countryside and mountainous areas. Discussing the mental journey not only helps us better understand the special historical background of the "Cultural Revolution", but also helps to understand the inevitable decline of the movement.Fifth, after the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the movement, the author believes that the movement had pros and cons, but the disadvantages were far greater than the benefits.After the analysis of the similarities and differences of advantages and disadvantages about the educated youths who went to mountainous areas in Gansu Province and other provinces, the author believes that in the "Cultural Revolution" troubled environment, the provincial movement of its generation, development and evolution, and so on had shown a certain amount of commonalities.Because of the vary the specific situation in the different provinces, especially the great disparity of the geographical environment, natural conditions, population size and distribution and economic development level, therefore, the development process of the educated youths who went to mountainous areas in Gansu Province demonstrated in the course of its unique regional characteristics. The infrastructure of Gansu Province was weak, and farmers live in scattered.70% of the province's rural areas are arid and semi arid areas, big mountains, deep grooves, serious soil erosion, poor ecological conditions and poor living environment. Production and living conditions of farmers is very backward, there is no guarantee about drinking water in many places, in the event of drought, there would be water scarcity and even in food-deficit. Transport facilities in rural areas were inconvenient, and most of the villages were inaccessible road and isolated.In some of the extremely arid mountainous, the mountain areas, and serious desertification areas, there were severe water shortage, or a serious shortage of land, or blocking traffic, or the lack of the basic conditions for survival and development. Two-thirds of farmers in Gansu Province lived in similar places. Therefore, large-scale immigration of the educated youth was lack of basic conditions for the province.Gansu Province compared with those in other provinces, the basic conditions for social and economic development differ greatly, the problems faced by educated youth were more difficult and challenging. Meanwhile, Gansu has more land than population, economic backwardness, and it is the remote province that needs to be developed, the emplacement of educated youth, were mainly in regional resettlement and the farms (Corps).