On Sefu In The Qin And Han Dynasties

According to the bamboo slips and wooden tablets as the center, and in combination with historical records, This paper conducted a research on Xiansefu, Xiangsef and a variety of Guansefu in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and then explored the rank of Sefu, and finally Discussed the appointment, removal, promotion, rewards and punishments of Sefu.This thesis consists of five chapters:The first chapter studies on Xiansefu. The Qin's Xiansefu was mainly seen in the bamboo slips unearthed at Yunmeng, through many scholars'research and debate, we can basically confirm that the Qin's Xiansefu was another title of County Prefect. The Han's Xiansefu was seen only once in the bamboo slips unearthed at Zhangjiashan, but it can prove that the title Xiansefu of the early Han Dynasty followed the Qin Dynasty.The second chapter studies on Xiangsefu. The Qin's Xiangsefu was seen only once in the bamboo slips unearthed at Liye, but it can prove that Xiangsefu was set in the Qin Dynasty undoubtedly. The Han's Xiangsefu was clearly recorded in HanShu and HouHanShu, In addition, there are more records in the Han's bamboo slips and wooden tablets, this brings us to have a more clear and specific understanding of Xiangsefu.The third chapter studies on various Guansefu. In this chapter, the author does the textual research on more than 20 kinds of Guansefu recordde in the history books as well as the bamboo slips and wooden tablets, thus we can see that, from the central government to local governments, grassroots organizations generally set Sefu as the head officials.The fourth chapter studies on Sefu's rank. In the Qin and early Han Dynasties, Xiansefu's rank was County Prefect's rank, and orther Sefu's rank was divided into two categories: more than 100 Dan and lower than 100 Dan. After the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, all the Sefu's rank was divided into two grade: Youzhi and Doushi, Youzhi's rank was 100 Dan, and Doushi's rank was lower than 100 Dan.The fifth chapter studies on Sefu's appointment, removal, promotion, rewards and punishments. The appointment and removal of Sefu generally determined by the prefect of the county or Duguan. In terms of promotion, the Doushi Sefu was usually promoted to officials of 100 Dan, and Youzhi Sefu was usually promoted to officials of 200 Dan. In the law of Qin and Han Dynasties, there were very Detailed and specific provision of rewards and punishments to Sefu, and this ensured the effective operation of the grass-roots management in the Qin and Han Dynasties.