Law And Economics Research On China’s Mineral Resources Development And Utilization

In the21st century, with China’s rapid economic growth, the industrializationprocess has gradually accelerated, the demand for mineral resources is increasing yearby year, therefore, reasonable development and utilization of mineral resourcesbecome China’s economic development goals. Although China is a large country ofmineral resources, mineral resources reserves are highest in the world, but per capitaconsumption is still low. The article is mainly by law and economics, using acombination of analytical methods of theoretical analysis and case studies to analyzethe development and utilization of mineral resources. The paper is divided into fourparts by the author.The first part describes status of China’s mineral resources development andutilization. Mineral resources is to point to by the geological formation, has the usevalue, belongs to the state occurrences in all the earth or the earth’s crust is solid, theoutput of the natural gas, liquid substances in natural resources, it includes allinanimate, available for human use, and the output of the natural inorganic or organicmatter. According to the formulation of the mineral resources, it can be divided intothree categories: metal minerals, nonmetallic minerals, energy minerals. It exitingsome problems about China’s mineral resources development and utilization very weekconcept of mineral resources owned by the state; and the exploitation of mineralresources in the mining area and did not follow the“Mineral Resources Law” orderlyexploitation; property right system of Mineral resources are not clear. Blind expansionof mining, resulting in a lot of minerals facing oversupply, but also some of the mineralfacing resource crisis; because of technical recycling is difficult to be fully implemented in our countryThe second part introduces the mineral resources development and utilization ofChina’s economic development, mineral resources security is a non-traditional securityissues. global energy demand growth constraints of each country’s strategic, fromdemand and supply of our country, China’s minerals reserves to rely on imports, adirect impact on the safety of China’s mining industry, the sustainability of theeconomic use of resources. In order to solve the negative externality generated by thedevelopment of mineral resources, the first classification analysis of externalities,including stock externalities, production and consumption externalities and ecologicalexternalities. The stock of external refers to the contemporary pursuit of themaximization of its utility, try to use more resources and efforts to reduce the cost ofdevelopment resources. Resource processing and product consumption externalities.Consumption is the purpose of social production, contemporary consumption patternsdetermine the demand for resources and the size and structure. By incompleteinformation on the impact generated by the commodity structure and consumptionstructure suited to the backlog of goods and scrap. Ecological externalities in theprocess of mining of mineral, is the indiscriminate discharge of waste gas, waste water,waste, mine environment causing serious damage. In order to reduce these externalities,Pigou theory and case studies, to reform China’s mining rights.The third part is the use of law and economics theory to analyze, comparedomestic and international experience in mineral resources development and utilizationof tax and fee system to compare domestic and foreign tax laws on taxes and fees thenredefined, And improve the exist in our previous definition not clear, the fuzzy failureIn the scope of the collection of resources, compare the United States, Germany andother countries The main problem of our country is the narrow tax problems In theresource tax assessment,compared the amount of tax and AD valorem tax advantagesand disadvantages. Compare the domestic and international tax law, we reformedChina’s "Mineral Resources Law". In the planning of mineral resources, aftercompared with other countries, China’s mineral resources in international transactions do not have the advantage, supervision and management also does not reach thedesignated position, Form the situation of metal bull exports and enterprisemalignant competition. In the system of property rights, China is still problematic,although the law expressly provides that the mineral rights in China through theregistration and approval obtained, however, always exist, or because of historicalissues, or property rights unknown in the "gray areas" in the exploitation ofphenomenon. On the strategic reserve, the United States is the first to implement thestrategic reserve, many of its advanced experience of other countries to follow. Thencompared to foreign countries in China, its mineral resources, reserves the legal systemthat still exist in a vacuum reserve shortage.Part four discusses the rational development and utilization of mineral resourcesthe path. Currently,in China there are many unreasonable taxation of mineral resourcesto occupy Serious breach a nation of mineral resources of the earnings of theembodiment mineral Therefore, a reasonable taxation of mineral resources isimportance to China’s sustained economic development. Then advancing the reform ofour tax system to adjust the unit tax, establish ecological and environmental protectionmechanisms. Mineral rights system reform, the improvement of legislation, a clearmining rights and mining permits, set the protection system of the mine environment.Mineral resources, the establishment of the circulation system, to enhance people’sawareness of the law, improve the level of mining technology, use the internationalco-operation to have a second use of mineral resources.