Theory And Technology Research On Fast Orientation Based On Celestial Bodies

In response to the hot issue of fast orientation, this thesis made some theory and technologyresearch based on celestial bodies. Main contents of the thesis were as follows:(1) A detailed comparison was made among different orientation method, such as gyrotheodolite, GPS, geomagnet, and celestial bodies. The encountering challege and thebottleneck that need to be broken in astro-geodetic orientation were analyzed andpointed out.(2) An algorithm of any star’s identification was presented, and the real surveying provedhigh successful rate of identification, and the high-accuracy result of orientation wasachieved by survering any star.(3) The method of fast orientation by observing the constellation stars was put forward. Theconstellation stars’ database was established and the tactic of choosing star, which couldimprove the orientation precision, was given.(4) The method of fast orientation by surveying the solar-system planets was put forward.The solar-system planets which could be used to realize orientaion were picked out.Considering that the Jupiter and the Saturn have considerable apparent semi, the thesismake comparison between two different surveying methods——the before-after edgemethod and the center method. Moreover, some surveying advices were given. At last,real surveying data of the Venas, Mars, Jupter, and Saturn was analysized, and thevalueness of orientation by surveying the planets was emphasized.(5) An algorithm to fit apparent moon center was put forward, and related formulae werededuced in detail. Experiment based on real observation testified the stability of thealgorithm, which demonstrated that the position of the moon center was determinedprecisely. At last, orientation by surveying the moon was realized successfully.(6) A new fitting method of fast orientation by surveying the sun was put forward, and thebest number of sampling points was determined. After comparing the new fittingmethod with the front-back edge method, some surveying advice was given. At last, animproved method, which could weaken the main error sources’ impacts on orientation,was put forward.(7) Based on the research results of the paper, a fast astronomical orientation system wasdeveloped, and the overall tactical and technical index was given after practicalsurveying. Compared with the gyro-theodolites, both advantages and disadvantages ofthe new system were pointed out. Through the study of the thesis, weather’s impact on astro-geodetic orientation was weakento the largest degree, and the shortage that astro-geodetic orientation could only be realized bysurveying the Polaris at night was overcomed. The goal that orientation should be realized bysurveying any visible nature objects was achieved.