Land Use And Landscape Pattern Change Characteristics In Inner Mongolia In Recent25Years (1980-2005)

Based on the land use data of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in1980and2005,landscape ecology theory and research methods, the author selects a more specific index oflandscape features of ecological significance, and systematically analyzes the land uselandscape pattern of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in1980-2005,25-year period, fromtwo aspects—the characteristics of the landscape patch changes and the landscapeheterogeneity variation. The results show that:(1) In1980-2005,25-year period, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region’s forest,grassland, farmland, settlements, wetlands, water bodies and the desert area ratio are:15.74%15.62%42.36%41.54%9.50%10.19%0.70%0.73%5.36%5.26%26.33%to26.66%, whichmeans that: the dominant landscape is grassland, sub-dominant landscape is the desert. In the25years the rangeability of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region’s forest, grassland,farmland, settlements, wetlands, water bodies and the desert area are-0.75%-1.95%7.26%3.39%-1.81%,1.25%.(2) In the1980-2005,25-year period, in the forest landscape of the Inner MongoliaAutonomous Region, the evergreen coniferous forest and shrub area increase8328.79hm~2and55161.49hm~2with respective increase of0.29%and2.39%respectively. Deciduous forestsand deciduous coniferous forest area respectively reduce187645.94hm~2and11216.69hm~2with respective reduction of1.88%and0.39%; Grassland landscape, meadow, typicalgrassland and desert grassland area decreased by231,840.28hm~2,257,333.86hm~2and457580.05hm~2, and the reduction were3.05%,0.90%and3.79%; In the agriculturallandscape dry land, irrigated land and paddy fields increased by566222.27hm~2,158462.22hm~2and63937.88hm~2with increase of9.38%,3.41%and36.31%; In thesettlement landscape, urban construction land use and rural settlement area increased by8852.39hm~2and18428.05hm~2, with respective increase of4.88%and2.96%; in the waterlandscape of wetlands, marshes, inland water bodies, river and lake beach area reduced89829.07hm~2,18141.66hm~2and2946.45hm~2, representing a decrease of1.91%,1.97%and0.58%; In the desert landscape, the bare rock, bare ground, desert area increased210810.45hm~2,45024.03hm~2and121332.50hm~2with respective increase of1.02%,1.64%,1.79%. (3) In1980-2005,25-year period, the land use landscape dominance index of the InnerMongolia Autonomous Region decreased from0.5556to0.5477, the evenness indexincreased from0.8078to0.8105, the diversity index increased from2.3348to2.3427, and thefragmentation index reduced from0.001347to0.001302. Overall, the land use landscape ofthe study area presents uneven distribution and landscape heterogeneity, which suggests thatnatural or human factors interfere the land use landscape structure, not conducing to the studyon the benign evolution of the ecological environment of the study area.