Cu₂O-catalyzed Cyanation Of Aryl Iodides With Nontoxic K₄[Fe（CN）₆] And Catalytic Reduction Of Nitroarenes With Palladium（0） Nanoparticles

Abstract:The theme of the dissertation is mainly about the two sections:1. Cu2O-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Iodides with Nontoxic K4[Fe(CN)6]Aryl nitriles are the important components of numerous compounds both in laboratory and industrial scales. For this reason, much attention has been given to the development of efficient and practical methods for the synthesis of aryl nitriles. Copper(I) oxide was found to be an efficient catalyst for the direct conversion of aryl iodides to nitriles with K4[Fe(CN)6] as a cyanide resource. The presented method avoids the use of extremely poisonous alkali cyanides and precious palladium catalysts. No other reagent apart from CU2O, K4[Fe(CN)6] and DMF was used as the cyanation, showing that the presented protocol is simple and practical.A series of aryl iodides were smoothly cyanated in up to90%yield under the optimal conditions.2. Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes with Palladium(0) NanoparticlesThe reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding anilines is one of the most important transformations in synthetic organic chemistry as the anilines obtained are commercially important starting materials and intermediates for a number of valuable compounds such as Pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes. Among the reduction methods, catalytic transfer hydrogenation is the best one being simple, eco-friendly with safe operation.This work concerns the preparation and characterization of palladium nanoparticle-3,4,5-tri-dodecyloxy benzhydrazide, which was effectively employed as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in the presence of NaBH4as a reducing agent. The reaction was carried out in room temperature and an aqueous medium. The catalyst was characterized by SEM. The catalyst showed good activity for the reduction of a number of aromatic nitro compounds yielding the respective amine compounds in excellent yield (-99%) at room temperature along with good reusability.