Prciduction Of Chitin From Sjirimp Wastes By Microbiological Method

Chitin are widely used in environmental protection,food,medicinalfields,agriculture,textiles and chemical industries because of itsbiocompatibility,non-toxicity,anti-microbial and biodegradability, surely one of the mosteconomic value and application value. Chitin has a large domestic and internationalmarket.Conventionally,the processes of chitin production from various crustacean shellsinvolves the use of strong acids for demineralization and strong alkalis fordeproteination.However,the use of these aggressive chemicals causes hydrolysis of thepolymer,the corrosion of the equipment,the protein and carotenoid components arerendered useless,and pollution. In this paper, An alternative way to overcome theshortage of the chemical treatments is to use biotechnology methods. Next were thedetailed researching contents.1This chapter focused on the optimization of cultural conditions and mediumComponents of the decalcification of shrimp shell waste by Lactobacillus rhamnosusCLRI.Firstly,mono-factors experiment was undertaken to obtain the suitablefermentation conditions as follows:culture temperature41°C,fermentation period50h,initial pH6.6,inoculation size6%.Then,Plackett-Burman (PB) design and responsesurface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was used to optimize theinitial ferment medium,and the optimal concentration of the variables were determinedas follows:glucose110.68g/L,Sodium acetate trihydrate4.53g/L,Diammoniumhydrogen citrate0.5g/L,Yeast extract1.4g/L.The decalcification rate of shrimp shellwaste after optimization is99.83%.2This chapter focused on the optimization of cultural conditions and mediumcomponents of Bacillus Subtilis producing the protease.Firstly,mono-factors experimentwas undertaken to obtain the suitable fermentation conditions as follows: liquid level50mL/250mL, rotate speed200rpm, initial pH6.7, fermentation period60h, inoculationsize4%,culture temperature37°C. the suitable carbon source, nitrogen source, metallicion, surface active agent, phosphate were starch soluble, peptone and yeast extract,manganous sulfate, green copperas, potassium chloride, bitter salt, Tween-20,dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate,respectively.Then,Plackett-Burman (PB) design, the steepest ascent path design andresponse surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was used tooptimize the initial ferment medium,and the optimal concentration of the variables weredetermined as follows: starch soluble14.06g/L, peptone16.28g/L,yeast extract2.5g/L,manganous sulfate0.1g/L, green copperas0.1g/L,bitter salt0.1g/L, Tween-200.1g/L,dipotassium hydrogen phosphate3.46g/L,sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate1g/L.Under the optimized conditions,the maximum protease activity increase to181.33U/mL.3This chapter focused on the optimization of cultural conditions and mediumcomponents of the deproteinization of shrimp shell waste by BacillusSubtilis.Firstly,mono-factors experiment was undertaken to obtain the suitablefermentation conditions as follows: fermentation period48h, rotate speed180rpm,initial pH6.5,culture temperature37°C.Then,Plackett-Burman (PB) design andresponse surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design was used tooptimize the initial ferment medium,and the optimal concentration of the variables weredetermined as follows: starch soluble9.37g/L, peptone10.85g/L,yeast extract1.67g/L,manganous sulfate0.0682g/L, green copperas0.07g/L,bitter salt0.07g/L, Tween-20 0.07g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate3.61g/L,sodium dihydrogen phosphatedehydrate0.628g/L.The deproteinization rate of shrimp shell waste after optimization is87.40%.4According to the results of eight kinds of design and test of the decalcificationand deproteinization of shrimp shell waste by Lactobacillus rhamnosus CLRI andBacillus Subtilis. It has been shown that the scheme one and the scheme four are betterthan others,and the decalcification rate and deproteinization rate of the scheme one isbetter than the scheme four,but the fermentation period of the scheme four is moreshorter than the scheme one.