The Potential Impact Of The Livestock And Poultry Manure To The Jingzhou Environment

The rapid development of the livestock industry not only fully meet the needs of urban and rural residents of meat, eggs, dairy products, but also become an important source of farmers’ income. The rapid development of animal husbandry, along with the development of livestock production also had a large number of livestock manure and other waste. Livestock and poultry farms waste, waste sewage, is a high concentration of organic waste is a valuable resource to participate in the ecosystem material cycle. But if not addressed use and emissions, the source of pollution of the surrounding environment; the contrary, such as implementing the aforementioned measures to improve the rate of resource products, the reduction of waste sewage, then take advantage of dealing with harmless or recycling, both the elimination of pollution and an increase of pig-effective.However, at present, due to the widespread use of Large-scale development of the fertilizer industry and fertilizer in rural areas, leading to low utilization of animal manure, the way to a single use, livestock and poultry manure as the main fertilizer position on the agricultural tradition fertilizers replace excessive applicationfertilizer led to an important factor in China’s farmland soil salinization and constraints to sustainable agricultural development. Thus, the rapid development of the livestock industry and the rapid transformation of the mode of production brought about by environmental problems become increasingly serious, not only affects the sustained economic growth, but also threaten the ecological security has become the social issues of common concernIn this study, Jingzhou City, for example, livestock and poultry farms pollutant emissions impact on the environment. Ⅰ. Materials and Methods1, sample collection and analysisLivestock unit of Jingzhou City in5645survey,351survey of pig farms,25broiler farm, laying hens,44,3cattle field survey of25broiler breeding areas, pig raiser410188, cattle specialized households, and315layers of specialized households and693broiler specialized households. Detailed records of each farming unit per day of manure, bedding, wash sewage emissions, continuous record of7days, take the7days of average daily pollutant emissions base, and then come to each breeding unit of the yearemissions.2, data acquisition and processing(1) of the animal manure to produce estimates of the total. Livestock and poultry manure production for the year is calculated asQ=N×T×P(1)Where:Q is the annual fecal production; N is the feeding=the number of livestock and poultry slaughter+year-end stock levels; T is the feeding period, average feeding period in which the pigs Keqiang the199d [31] the meat and poultry growing season for the55d [31], the Egg and Poultry breeding cycle of one year [31], P excretion coefficient. Cattle:by end-use classification, mainly used as draft animals, water buffalo and cattle, beef cattle and cows. Buffalo, cattle and dairy cows are generally not slaughter their respective year-end stock levels can be regarded as the number of the year keeping the local special beef cattle slaughter less of cattle-breeding herds used at the end of the year. Sheep, rabbits, horses, donkeys and mules:for local feeding less, this study did not calculate their faeces production.(2) livestock manure N, P and Cu and Zn in the estimateA=q×cWhere:A is animal manure of N, P, Cu, Zn, q for the livestock and poultry manure production, c is the unit mass of animal manure N, P, Cu, Zn content. Which all livestock excretion coefficient (wet basis) using the data released by the State Environmental Protection Administration [29]. Excretion coefficient in Table7.(3) units of arable land animal manure and N, P nutrient carrying capacity estimates q=Q/SWhere q is the unit of arable land animal manure or N, P the load ((hm2in a) the Q for all types of livestock and poultry manure or N, the total amount of P (t/a); S effective arable land area (hm2).Three basic sources of dataJingzhou City, livestock and poultry breeds pigs, chickens, ducks, cattle, sheep, a small number of rabbi is, pigeons, quail feeding, in this study, pigs, poultry, cattle excreted in the feces impact; on the environment. This study to determine the animal husbandry in2010, raising the amount to take the annual slaughter and breeding stock at the end of additive. The number of livestock from the "2011Hubei Rural Statistical Yearbook [28] published statistics (see Table8), data as of the time is the end of2010.Second, the results and analysis1, Junkshop City animal husbandry and animal manure production1.1livestock feeding situation According to statistics, in2010,Jingzhou City, feeding pigs7446700,112208400poultry feathers, cow1581760000.1,2, animal manure pollutants generated2010, Junkshop City, the livestock industry to produce feces1180.531209tons of COD167.72million tons, TN48590.283462t16842.780155tons of total phosphorus,111,737.1003kg of copper, zinc128,397.9498kg.1,3units of arable land, livestock and poultry manure and nutrient carrying capacity2010, Jingzhou City, perunit of land area of animal. manure and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients average farm load are as follows: feces, Jingzhou City, the average level of25.31t ha. Years; N:Jingzhou City, the average104.16kg/ha years; P:Jingzhou City average of36.1kg/ha.years. Sub-counties calculation results in Table10.3. theconclusionThrough Jingzhou animal manure arable load evaluatio n showed that the:In Jingzhou City within the fecal droppings of different animal, species impact on the environment, as follows: pig> Egg and Poultry> bovine meat and poultry.Limited in accordance with EU standards, Songzi City and the first stone city of thelivestock industry emissions have exceeded the capacity of local arable land, pollution of the local-environment. The county-puhlic security, Shashi District, Jingzhou District, closeto the EU limits; Jiangling County, Jianli County, Honghu City from the EU limits, there is a large space.3, to adjust the livestock structure and optimize the regional distribution. Songzi City, Shishou City should be considered in the control of the total livestock production, improve product quality to make a fuss, the focus is to control pigs, laying hens feeding.The county public security, Shashi District, Jingzhou in the control of pigs on the basis ofappropriate increase in the poultry; Lake, public security, Jianli, Gangneung, Shashivigorously develop the livestock and poultry production. Speaking from the city-wide, toadjust the livestock structure, to reduce the livestock manure emissions, the focus is to control the total pig production, the Egg and Poultry production and stable development of strong development in the meat and poultry production.