Study On Development Of Oil Use Turnip Seed

Overall, domestic oil yield will be less and less because of limited arableland. No matter what breed, it is impossible to increase production substantially. Sothere will be more than50%raw material source of oil processing will rely onimporting[1,2],that will be a severe situation. At present, it is very necessary to findnew oil resource, there are many reasons for this viewpoint as below: the rate ofself supply with edible oils less than40%, the shortage of international marketsupply, the price of oils are higher and higher, the wandering of domestic oil cropsproduction. Therefore, it has very broad prospect to research and develop the turnipseed, and make it as a kind of oil resources.In this paper, with turnip seed as raw materials, analyse the basic elements ofturnip seed oil, and analyse flavonoids content with the spectral colorimetricmethod and HPLC method. Get turnip seed oil with soxhlet extractor method, thenanalyse physical and chemical indexes of the oil. Analyse vitamin E and sterolscontent in the oil by HPLC. Analysis the composition of fatty acid in the oil by GCmethod. Study on the oil extracting process, compares with physical and chemicalindexes, vitamin E and sterols content, the fatty acid composition with coldpressing processing and extraction processing.The main conclusions are as follows:The oil use turnip seed contains moisture, ash content, crude fat (dry base),protein (N×6.25, dry base), reducing sugar, soluble sugar, starch, total coarsecellulose are6.5%,4.68%,35.0%,18.8%,2.47%,8.53%,5.71%,10.5%. Visible,the oil use turnip seed is worth to further research and develop because of it’seconomic value.Compare with flavonoids content in the turnip seed with spectral colorimetricmethod and HPLC method. The spectral colorimetric method is simple andconvenient,with blank experiment as reference and the wavelength λ=415nm, theresult of turnip seed flavonoids content is19.75mg/g. HPLC method is good at results repeatability and stability, but it’s expensive and complex. The experimentschoose the HPLC apparatus (equipped with Waters2996PDA detector, Waters1525binary pump; Empower2chromatogram workstation); Chromatographic column:ODS-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm); Mobile phase: acetonitrile and0.4%phosphoricacid, degassing before using; The column temperature:30℃; Ultravioletwavelength:254nm; sample weight of injection:10μL; Velocity:1mL/min; Withthis gradient elution conditions,the determine result of turnip seed flavonoidscontent is20.64mg/g.Turnip seed oil has its inherent smell and taste. It has no bad smell, clear andtransparent. Its colour (25.4mm) is Y56R1.9; refractive index is nD20=1.4706; theproportion is d420=0.910844; free fatty acid is3.7mg KOH/gOil; iodine number is100.8gI/100gOil; saponification is170mg KOH/gOil; not content saponification is3.1%.Determine vitamin E and the content of sterols in turnip seed oil by HPLCmethod. The results are accurate, reliable and have good repeatability. Choose theHPLC apparatus (equipped with Waters2996PDA detector, Waters1525binarypump; Empower2chromatogram workstation); Chromatographic column: ODS-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm); Mobile phase:100%methanol, degassing before using;The column temperature:30℃. Ultraviolet wavelength:203nm. Sample weight ofinjection:20μL.Velocity:1mL/min. Determing the content of vitamin E is1.20mg/gand the content of sterols is13.94mg/g in leaching turnip seed oil.Analyse the composition of fatty acid in turnip seed oil by GC method. ChooseAgilent6890GC apparatus; Chromatographic column: HP-88(100m×250μm×0.25μm), constant current1.0mL/min; Injector temperature:240℃; Diversion ratio:40:1；Program temperature: keep140℃in5min, and went up to240℃with thespeed of4℃/min, hold on for15min; The carrier: nitrogen (N2); Sample weight ofinjection:1μL; Detector FID:250℃, hydrogen45mL/min, air450mL/min, tail blow43mL/min. The main content of fatty acids in turnip seed oil are unsaturated fattyacids. Extract turnip seed oil by the cold pressing method and leaching methodrespectively, to compare the two different system oil with physical and chemicalindexes. The results show that, the cold pressing turnip seed oil’s acid value is9.4mgKOH/gOil, that is higher than the leaching turnip seed oil’s acid value, whichis3.7mgKOH/gOil. Cold pressing turnip seed oil’s saponification value is195mgKOH/gOil, that is higher than the leaching turnip seed oil’s saponificationvalue,which is170mgKOH/gOil.Get the turnip seed oil that extracted by cold pressing method and leachingmethod, to compare with the content of vitamin E and sterols in the oils by HPLC.The results are accurate, reliable and have good repeatability. Through coldpressing method,in the oil, the average level of vitamin E is1.14mg/g, RSD0.09%and the average level of sterols is13.65mg/g, RSD0.12%; Through leachingmethod, in the oil, the average level of vitamin E is1.26mg/g, RSD0.11%and theaverage level of sterols is13.74mg/g, RSD0.08%. Compared with the contents ofvitamin E and sterols of the oils that extracted by cold pressing method andleaching method respectively. It is known that, the contents of vitamin E and sterolsin the oils are almost the same with two different oil extracting process.