Basic Study On The High Value Utilization Of Agriculture And Forestry Waste Materials

Along with the increasing consumption of fossil raw materials and the graduallyexacerbating greenhouse effect, mankind is faced with problems of running out ofcarbon resources and a worsening survival environment. Therefore, the method todevelop new carbon source and to be preserved in the form of fixed carbon in order toreduce carbon dioxide emissions, is an urgent problem for today’s researchers.Among various kinds of renewable energy and resources, agriculture and forestryresidues are rich in carbon, great in variety, wide distributed, large output, renewableand so on, which are important carbon raw materials for the preparation of newenergy and chemical raw material.In this paper, using agriculture and forestry residues as raw materials, discussinga simple and feasible method to convert biochar carbon into high-performanceactivated carbon or high-calorific pyrolytic carbon, which not only fixed carbonsource in the form of carbon and reduced the amount of CO2emissions, but alsoprepared products with high additional value, make more high value use of wastematerials to achieve maximum utilization of agriculture and forestry residues.1. The study on preparation and properties of rubber wood based activatedcarbonWith rubber wood processing waste materials as raw material, according to zincchloride activation process, the influences on the microstructure and adsorptionproperties of activated carbon by the mass concentration, solid-liquid ratio, activationtemperature and time impregnation temperature and time of zinc chloride solution were studied by using orthogonal experiments and single factor experiment together,which could get the best conditions: the mass concentration of zinc chloride solutionis40%, solid-liquid ratio is1:5, impregnation time is16h under80℃，activation time is60min under500oC, and get the parameters of activated carbon: specific surface area is1905m₂/g, total pore volume is1.6431cm₃/g, iodine adsorption value is1470cm₃/g,and yield is38.11%. And the activation mechanism of rubber wood processing wastematerials was also studied with thermal gravimetric analysis of rubber woodimpregnated.2. Study on the preparation and performance of eucalyptus-based activatedcarbonWith eucalyptus wood processing waste materials as raw material, according tozinc chloride activation process, the influences on the microstructure and adsorptionproperties of activated carbon by the mass concentration, solid-liquid ratio, activationtemperature and time impregnation temperature and time of zinc chloride solutionwere studied by using orthogonal experiments and single factor experiment together,which could get the best conditions: the mass concentration of zinc chloride solutionis50%, solid-liquid ratio is1:5, impregnation time is24h under80℃，activation time is60min under500oC, and get the parameters of activated carbon: specific surface area is1641m₂/g, total pore volume is1.7580cm₃/g, iodine adsorption value is1404cm₃/g,and yield is41.95%.3. Research on preparation of fuel particle of agriculture and forestry wastematerialsWith extrusion particles based on12kinds of agriculture and forestry wastematerials as raw materials, pyrolysis experiments were conducted by using routinepyrolysis method and pyrolysis characteristics were studied by using thermalgravimetric analysis. The influences on the product yield and calorific value of threekinds of pyrolysis products exist in the form of solid, liquid and gas by raw materials,pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time. Under pyrolysis condition that the pyrolysistemperature is600℃and pyrolysis time is30min. Pyrolytic carbon with the highest calorific value was34.4887MJ/kg which is equivalent to1.1781tons of standard coalwas made, compared with high calorific value of these particles before pyrolysis, itsincrease rate could reach174.97%. The highest calorific value correspondingby-product liquid products is28.3676MJ/kg, and its increase rate of155.35%. Theexperimental results show that pyrolysis method is feasible to convert straw with lowenergy density to biochar carbon with high energy density, for example, high densitybiochar carbon with calorific value of26.9446MJ/kg could be made from corn stalksafter crushing and pyrolysis.In this paper, through a series of physicochemical research, using agriculture andforestry waste materials with advantages of rich in carbon and renewablecharacteristics to prepare high-performance biochar activated carbon and high heatingvalue biomass carbon, which could make full use of the agriculture and forestry wastematerials resources, recycle and gather the biochar energy. After the large-scaleindustrialization, the negative growth of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can berealized. This research established a theoretical foundation for the effective utilizationof biochar material and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, which bringssignificant economical, environmental and social benefits.