Study On The Diseases And Pests In Auricularia Polytricha And Their Control Techniques

Auricularia polytricha is most widely cultivated in Sichuan province, and its cultures account for over30%of the total cultivated. Now, it has become a vital part of agriculture and one of the pillar industries in agricultural economy in Sichuan. But the frequent occurrence of diseases and pests restricted the development of the industry. The article took A.polytricha as the research object in Sichuan province, comprehensively investigated the conditions of Oil Scar Disease——major disease in A.polytricha, identified the pathogen by means of the molecular biology method. At the same time, pest species occurred in the cultivation process of A.polytricha were investigated and their occurrence, characteristics and damage were found out in the article. The control effects of9kinds of pesticides (Tubatoxin, VIRTAKO, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Stemonine-toosendanin-nicotine, Azadirachtin, DiGuChong, Emamectin-benzoate, Abamectin, Nature-Pyrethrum) on major pests were also studied in the article. The study provided the theoretical basis for control and prevention of diseases and pests in A.polytricha in Sichuan province. Main results were as follows:(1). Oil scar disease in A.polytricha occurred seriously and prevalently in Sichuan. Among the five A.polytricha advocate produce areas investigated, the disease occurred most seriously in the town of Zhao, whose disease incidence and disease index were96%,66.12%in July. Situations in the town of Qingjiang were much better, whose disease incidence and disease index were61%,26.15%. The others were in intermediate levels. The study also found that different varieties have different disease resistance, and Chengdu781>Hupo>Shanghai No.1.(2). Microscopy and observed colony morphology had found that the growth rate of the pathogen is very rapid and colony texture is wooly, and both surface and reverse colony color ranges from orange to gray. Hyphae are septate, hyaline or pale gray in color and arthroconidia are hyaline or pale brown in color, ellipsoidal or oval-shaped, and unicellular or bicellular. Blast the amplified products of pathogen’s rDNA ITS sequence in Genbank, and found that the similarity between AY762623.1and the amplified products was97%; the final identification result was Scytalidium lignicola.(3)Main pests were collected from the advocate produce areas in Sichuan,15species had been discovered, belonging to4classes,9orders, and14families. Lycoriella pleuroti Yang et Zang, Bradysia tomentosa Yang,Zhang et Yang, Lasioptera rubi Heeger, Scatopsid sp., Entomobrya sauteria, Tyrophgus putrescentiae Schrank are dominant species.(4). Yellow board traps can effectively control the damage of Diptera pests in mushroom house, and the control effect increased over time. Hanging board7,14,21,28days later, control effect of yellow board traps were41.25%,45.85%,56.56%,74.79%, while the farmers prevention control effect were hovering between40%and50%.According to the result of orthogonal experiments, hanging30pieces yellow board traps per mus on the top or middle of mushroom shelf can trap most pests at12:00-18:00everyday.(5). Among the nine kind of pesticides,2.5%Lambda-cyhalothrin had strongest inhibition on mycelium growth of A.polytricha, the rate of inhibition is87.17%, and the differences were significant. Tubatoxin and VIRTAKO can help the growth of mycelium.On the control effect of larvae,5%Natural Pyethrin and DiGuChong hold the highest control effect, which were91.77%and88.00%, differences significantly to other treatments.On the control effect of adult Diptera,1.1%Stemonine-toosendanin-nicotine and4%Tubatoxin had the hightest control effect, spraying1,3,5,7days latter, the control effect respectively were85.50%,90.88%,80.26%,78.51%and83.10%,88.14%,80.34%,78.76%, the control effects of DiGuChong and5%Natural Pyethrin were slightly lower. Control efficiency of2.5%Lambda-cyhalothrin was the lowest in the survey.