| Hypertension is chronic diseases with arteriolosclerosis, the main manifestation isarterial blood pressure continues to rise. It often cause lesions of heart, brain, kidneysand other organs. Hyperlipidemia is a systemic disease, which refers to the fat runningmetabolic abnormalities makes one or a variety of lipid of plasma increase beyond thenormal range, which can directly accelerate systemic atherosclerosis and lead to renalfailure, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and other diseases. Thereis close relation between hypertension with high cholesterol. Studies have shown thathypertension accompany by lipid metabolism disturb, triglyceride, Cholesterol andlow density lipoprotein in the blood elevated, while high density lipoprotein is lower.In addition, many patients with high cholesterol are often accompany by hypertension,that showed a certain causal relationship. With the rising incidence of hypertensionand hyperlipidemia, how to effect treat and prevent high blood pressure and highcholesterol attract the researchers.As a traditional chinese herbal medicines, Ginseng has a long medical history. Atpresent, there are more in-depth study on its unique compound ginsenosides. Themain effect of Ginseng including excited the central nervous system, improveimmunity, strengthen cardiac and anti-myocardial ische, improve the blood circulationof the organ, antitumor, antiaging and so on. As traditional chinese herbal medicine,now ginseng and ophiopogon are apply widely in clinical to treat the coronary heartdisease, heart failure and angina. The new panaxadiol was isolated from the totalginsenosides acid degradation. There’s few studies on the biological activity andpharmacological effects. This experiment choose three different pharmaceuticalingredients including ginsenosides, shenmai and new panaxadiol. Select the ideal2K2C hypertensive rat model and the high fat diet fed high-lipid composite model in order to investigate whether the three drugs play the role on decreasing blood pressureand blood lipid.Wistar rats were selected, half male and half female. Firstly, we establish thehypertensive rats model by occlusion of the bilateral renal artery and rat model ofhigh blood cholesterol by high-fat diet. The experimental set up sham operation group,model group, ginsenoside group, ginsenoside and ophiopogon group and newpanaxadiol group.15rats each group. The medicine were continuous administrationby gavage for45d. After the end of the experiment, blood pressure testing and totalserum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected. We observedthe general morphological changes of liver, kidney, heart and aorta by lightmicroscope. The fibrosis of liver tissue was observed by VG staining. Theultrastructural changes of liver, kidney, heart and aorta were observed by transmissionelectron microscopy.Compared with the sham operation group, model group show high bloodpressure that prove the hypertension model was successful. Compared with modelgroup, ginsenoside group, ginsenoside and ophiopogon group show obvious reducingblood pressure. Blood pressure of new panaxadiol group also decreased. All of theresults show there is a certain antihypertensive effect every treatment group.Compared with the sham group, TC, TG and LDL-C of the model group increasedsignificantly that suggest high cholesterol model was successful. Compared withmodel group, TG and LDL-C in ginsenoside group and new panaxadiol groupsignificant reduced; TC and LDL-C of serum decreased significantly in ginsenosideand ophiopogon group. HDL-C in every treatment groups are lower than model group.It means that the three drugs can reduce the levels of lipids to a certain degrees.Light microscope results: HE staining showed in sham group, myocardial cellarranged tightly, nuclear is oval in shape, cytoplasm is pink color and homogeneous.The model group show myocardial cell hypertrophy, cytoplasm show light color andinterstitial hyperemia, inflammation cell infiltrate. The groups treat with drugs show myocardial cell hypertrophy reducing. The sham group hepatocytes arrange the stripes,cell is large, nuclear is round in shape and locate in center of cell. The cytoplasm isesinophilic. The model group hepatocytes were necrosis in local area, partialhepatocytes have fatty degeneration, a large number of lipid droplets within thehepatocytes. We can not see any necrosis in groups treat with drug, but there is still afew lipid droplets within hepatocytes. The sham group glomerule is ball in shape, thenumber of cells in normal, The nuclear of epithelial cells of renal tubule is round,cytoplasm is pink. The model group show the number of glomerules reduced andpyknosis, balloon fusion and disappear. VG staining show a great amounts pink colorfibrous tissue in hepatic lobule. In ginsenoside group, ginsenoside and ophiopogongroup, the fibrous tissue reduced. There are a great degree of improvement inginsenoside group, ginsenoside and ophiopogon group.The ultrastructral changes show in sham group one nuclear of myocardial cell isoval, locate in center of cell. There are many euchromatin and obvious nucleolus. Agreat amounts myofilament and there are clear sarcomere structure. Abundantmitochondria arrange along the myofilament. We also can see the intercalated discstructure. The model group nuclear of myocardial cell is irregular and moreheterochromatin within it. The myofilament appear serious fracture dissolutionphenomena,cytoplasmic cavitation, mitochondria become smaller, swelling andcristae broken, it also increased in number. The structure of intercalated disc wasdisorder. There are a great degree of improvement in groups treat with drugs,especially in ginsenoside group. The sham group liver cells are large, nuclear is roundand nucleolus visible. Cytoplasm is visible in large amounts of rough endoplasmicreticulum, and mitochondria of rich; microvilli are visible within the lumen of bilecanaliculi and hepatic sinuoid. Model group liver cells small and compact, Nuclear ismild pyknosis, dense matrix, nuclear within heterochromatin is slightly increased;Cytoplasmic matrix compact, containing organelles is not easy to distinguish, largeamounts of fat droplets; bile canaliculi structure is not clear, increased liver sinusoidsmicrovilli, fat-storing cell increased within perisinusoidal space, more visible Collagen fibers, ultrastructural changes of liver is similar to the sham group. Thesham group in Glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes and mesangial cells arenormal. Glomerular capillaries within the model group expansion cavity; Endothelialcell nuclear pyknosis, cavity of cytoplasm; Basement membrane become thin;podocytes is swelling, foot process is small and local fusion. glomerular structure ofevery group treat with drugs improved in varying degrees compared with model group.Electron microscopic observation show lesser damage extentn in ginsenoside group,ginsenoside and ophiopogon group.The results show that2K2C plus high fat diet can set up rat model withhypertensive and high blood cholesterol successfully. Ginsenoside, Ginsenoside andOphiopogon and new panaxadiol may reduce blood pressure and blood lipid of modelgroup rats in varying degrees,effects of Ginsenoside, Ginsenoside and Ophiopogon ismore obvious. But the lipid-lowering effects of the different drugs are not obvious.Ginsenoside, Ginsenoside and Ophiopogon and new panaxadiol may be appropriate toimprove damage degree of heart, liver and kidney. To a certain extent, reduce thedegree of liver fibrosis, Ginsenoside, Ginsenoside and Ophiopogon show slightlyobvious. The experimental results will be to further develop effective drug fortreatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia provides a new theoretical and practicalbasis. |
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