The Influencing Factors Of Dietary Patterns And Adverse Outcomes In College Freshmen: A Nutrition Epidemiology Study

Objectives To investigate the dietary pattern in college freshmen，and analyze theinfluencing factors of dietary pattern.Methods We used cross-sectional method, and at the same time the cluster randomizedsampling method was be used. A total of1319students from a large university wereincluded in the analysis. A trained dietitian administered the entire questionnaire.Collecting the basic information of the freshmen, health related behavior and foodintake situation, food intake situation mainly use the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)to investigation. From September2010, a total of1414freshmen were included in theresearch, and finally1319students complete this research.We used principal componentanalysis with varimax rotation to assess the major dietary patterns, and then analysedthe effect of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors on dietary patterns among freshman.Results Four major dietary patterns were found by the use of factor analysis: awestern food pattern (high in hamburger, fried food, nuts, biscuit, chocolate, cola, coffee,sugars), an animal food pattern (high in pork, mutton, beef, poultry meat, animal liver),a calcium food pattern (high in fresh fruit, eggs, fish and shrimp, kelp laver and sea fish,milk and dairy, beans and beans products), a traditional Chinese pattern (high in rice andgrain, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, pork). Risk factors on dietary pattern were presented as follows: Four major dietary patterns were found: a western food pattern, an animalfood pattern, a calcium food pattern, a traditional Chinese pattern. Factors as dietarypattern, having associates with many factors, Risk factors on dietary pattern were asfollows: Western food pattern and animal food pattern have a strong positive associationwith living place, eating place, level of mother education and level of father education,;But have an inverse correlation with family economic situation. An inverse associationwas found between these variables and calcium food; A Chinese traditional pattern havea positive correlation with family economic situation. The physical activity hascorrelation with dietary patterns of college freshmen.Conclusions Factor analysis produced four dietary patterns. There were strongassociations between various socio-demographic variables and various dietary patterns.Investigate the dietary pattern of freshmen and its influencing factors, so as to guidefreshmen further reasonable diet and provide a solid theoretical basis. Objective This study focused on the association between major dietary patterns andadverse outcomes (overweight/obesity, central adiposity, higher blood pressure/hypertension，osteopenia/osteoporosis) in college freshmen.Methods We categorized participants by tertiles of dietary pattern scores. We usedone-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc comparisons for continuousvariables and chi-square tests for categorical variables to identify significant differencesacross tertile categories of dietary pattern scores. The association between dietarypattern and adverse outcomes (overweight/obesity, central adiposity, higher bloodpressure/hypertension，osteopenia/osteoporosis) was evaluated by logistic regressionmodel, all regression models were controlled for (sex, physical activity, economic status,passive smoking, drinking, BMD further adjust BMI)Results The highest tertile of Western food pattern scores had greater odds ofoverweight/obesity and central adiposity (OR=2.00,95%CI:1.24~3.22; OR=1.72,95%CI:1.39~3.76) in a adjust model; those in the highest tertile of Chinese traditionalpattern scores were associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity, central adiposityand osteopenia/osteoporosis (OR=0.65,95%CI:0.53~0.80; OR=0.58,95%CI:0.41~0.84)after adjustment for confounders. The animal food pattern was associated with increased odds for higher blood pressure/hypertension (OR=1.41,95%CI:1.06~2.08). Thecalcium food and Chinese traditional pattern were associated with lower odds ofosteopenia/osteoporosis (OR=0.65,95%CI:0.53~0.80; OR=0.58,95%CI:0.41~0.84;OR=0.78,95%CI:0.55~0.91) after adjusting for confounding variables.Conclusions Some dietary patterns may contribute to four adverse outcomes.Investigate the dietary pattern of freshmen and its influencing factors, so as to guidefreshmen further reasonable diet and provide a solid theoretical basis.