The Study On Biomarkers Of Workers Exposed To Acrylamide

Acrylamide(Acrylamide, ACR), An important raw material for chemical industry, is used worldwide to synthesize polyacrylamide(PACR). PACR has found numerous applications as a soil conditioner, in wastewater treatment, in the cosmetic, paper, and textile industries, and in the laboratory as a solid support for the separation of proteins by electrophoresis. In addition, ACR can be produced when cooking foods which are rich in starch (such as potatoes and corn) in high temperature(above120℃). ACR can be absorbed through respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucous membranes and a variety of ways in which the gastrointestinal absorption rapidity is the fastest, skin contact poisoning is the most common.In addition,experiments on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo indicate that ACR have neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity, embryonic developmental toxicity and genetic toxicity, but due to the lack of epidemiological data only neurotoxicity in the human body has been verified up to now.In recent years, acute and chronic poisoning caused by occupational exposure to ACR often occurs. Looking for specific biomarkers of ACR can help to accurately evaluate the level of workers’exposure, prevent the workers from acute or chronic ACR intoxication. The purpose of this project is to research the correlation between the exposure to ACR and the indicators of biological materials to find biomarkers to evaluate occupational exposure and effect exposed to ACR.ObjectiveInvestigate individual exposure levels, career-related factors and personal circumstances of the workers exposed to ACR, determine their urine APC, serum Ca2+and PKC content,and explore the relationship between the individual exposure and biological indicators of the workers exposed to ACR and find early indicators of biological monitoring.Objects and Methods1. The object choice of the study: this study choosed138workers in an ACR manufacturer including101workers exposed to ACR and37control workers unexposed to ACR.2. The occupational health survey: consulting factory material and making questionnaire survey to learn the production process, the factory workers career related factors and personal basic situation.3. Sample collection:the air ACR concentration samples were collected according to the national standard "workplace harmful substances in the air monitoring sampling norms"(GBZ159-2004), using individual air sampler, connected silica gel glass; The skin ACR concentration samples were collected by wiping the skin with distilled water wetted medical tampon; Urine samples were collected in polyethylene plastic bottles; Blood samples(workers’forearm venous blood) were collected by disposable no additive vacuum blood collection tube.4. The determination of the samples:the air ACR concentration and workers’skin ACR concentration was determined by gas chromatography; the urine APC concentration of workers was determined by visible spectrophotometry; The serum Ca2+concentration was determined by Ca2+kit(methyl thymol blue method); The serum PKC concentration was determined by ELISA kit; Analyze and investigate the relationship between the levels of exposure and the relevant biological indicators.5. The data processing and statistical analysis:the data were input into Word text material database and Excel data material database, and were analyzed by SPSS16.0application software. Test of normality and homogeneity test of variances were used to examine the data, oneway analysis of variance, simple linear correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to study the relationship between biological indicators. Results1. The linear range of the gas chromatography is0.10～2.0μg/ml, the standard curve equation is y=3186918.408x+4388.271, the correlation coefficient is0.9997,the detection limit is1.4×10-5μg/ml, the retention time is1.633min.2. The standard curve equation of free sulfhydryl compound in the method of spectrophotometry is y=2.375x-0.003, the correlation coefficient is0.998, the detection limit is0.002mmol/L; the standard curve equation of total sulfhydryl compound is y=1.611x+0.000, the correlation coefficient is0.999, the detection limit is0.01mmol/L.3. The air ACR concentration of exposed group is0.040±0.015mg/m3, the air ACR concentration of control group did not detect ACR; The skin ACR concentration of exposed group is2.003±0.961μg, the skin ACR concentration of control group did not detect ACR.4. The concentration of workers’urine APC in ACR exposed group and control group is0.65±0.22mmol/L and0.54±0.18mmol/L, it’s higher in ACR exposed group than that in control group(P<0.05); the concentration of workers’serum Ca2+in ACR exposed group and control group is2.18±0.15mmol/L and2.32±0.33mmol/L, it’s lower in ACR exposed group than that in control group(P<0.05); the concentration of workers’serum PKC in ACR exposed group and control group is235.06±93.08nmol/L and194.73±98.98nmol/L, it’s higher in ACR exposed group than that in control group(P<0.05).5. The result of simple linear correlation analysis shows that the concentration of workers’urine APC and workers’serum PKC are positively correlated with the concentration of workers’skin ACR(P<0.01); the concentration of workers’serum Ca2+are negatively correlated with the concentration of workers’skin ACR(P<0.01).6. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that among the factors which effect the urine APC, serum Ca2+and PKC concentration, the concentration of workers’skin ACR concentration entered into the equation. Conclusions1. ACR exposure can effect the urine APC, serum Ca2+ and PKC concentration of workers.2. The variation of workers’urine APC, serum Ca2+ and PKC may be caused by the absorbtion of ACR though the skin.3. Workers’urine APC,serum Ca2+ and PKC may be the biomarkers exposed to ACR.4. The air ACR concentration and the workers’ skin ACR concentration was determined by capillary column gas chromatograph method,the methed is efficient, fast and of good separation effect.