The Comparation Of The Main Components In Ginseng To Body

Many scholars have been keen to the research of ginseng because ofits precious medicinal value. Ginseng is found only in the NorthernHemisphere, North America and eastern Asia, typically in coolerclimates. In the early19th century, western scholars have studied andanalyzed the chemical composition of ginseng. With the development ofscience, now scholars have already recognized the more than300kinds ofingredients in ginseng, including soap glycosides, organic acid and ester,naphtha, sterol and its glycosides, amino acids and putrescine, spermine,proteins, peptides, many kinds of nitrogenous compounds, vitamins, traceelements, flavonoids, lignin, sugar, glycoprotein and many otheringredients and so on. Ginseng can affect human metabolism system,blood transportation system, immune system and immune organs such asspleen, kidney and thymusbrain.It also have an impact on humannervous system, hormone system and intestinal flora and so on.Ginsenosides is the main effective components of ginseng, which belongsto triterpenoid saponin compounds. Dammarane type ginsenosideincludes protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol. In recent years, scholarsseparated and identified more than fifty kinds of ginsenoside from ginseng. The pharmacological value of ginsenoside reflects on theinfluences to human central nervous system, endocrine system,cardiovascular system, metabolism and the anti-tumor effect. Ginsengpolysaccharide possesses significant function to reduce bloodsugar.ginseng polysaccharide can also make the concentration of pyruvicacid increased, and inhibite the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, thenmake lactic acid reduced. Ginseng polysaccharide still can enhance theactivity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase. Thisresearch focus on the influence of total saponins, protopanaxadiol,protopanaxatriol and ginseng polysaccharide to human.Metabonomics acts as a research method to reveal the globalchanges in human body. As a kind of "group learning" science, it`stypical characteristic belong to high-throughput experiment andcalculation. It is very important for the illustration of the complicated lifesystems. Metabonomics is becoming an important tool for theresearch of healthy and disease now.In this study, we choose rats as experimental object to research theeffects of main effective components of ginseng to body, which includingginseng total saponins, protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and ginsengpolysaccharide. We study rat urine by metabonomical method. At thesame time, through the calculation of adrenals, thymus, spleen index andthe determination of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone corticosterone ACTH, CORT and thyroid stimulating hormone TSH, etc, we found thatthe effective components of ginseng can influence the endocrine system.Then through the determination the concentration of interleukin2(IL2),interleukin6(IL-6), plasma gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosisfactor alpha (TNF-α) and spleen tissues spleen nk cells (NKC) rat plasma,we found that ginseng group possessed a higher level than that of normalcontrol group, which indicated that ginseng can enhance the body’simmune system. We also determine the concentration of Nitric oxide (NO)and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) andmalondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue. The results show that ginsengalso plays an important role in the activities of antioxidation andanti-aging. The results show that panaxadiol saponins and ginsengpolysaccharide can improve animal immune organ weight, plasmainterleukin2(IL2), interleukin6(IL-6), plasma gamma-interferon (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α).This effect is better than the othergroups. Total ginsenosides and Panaxtrol Saponin can effectivelyincrease the concentration of spleen NK cells (NKC). panaxadiolsaponins and ginseng polysaccharide can significantly increase theconcentration of rat plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH),corticosterone (CORT) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). As forthe effect of increasing organization nitric oxide (NO) and superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), total ginsenosides is better than the other group. In brief, different componentsin ginseng possess different effects when enhance immunity, regulatesendocrine and resist to oxidation. panaxadiol saponins and ginsengpolysaccharidein is better in enhancing immune, and total ginsenosideshows advantages in resisting to oxidation and stress.