The Construction Of Training Model For Ophthalmic Advanced Practice Nurses In China

Background With the development of medical science and technology, nursing professional Division is getting more and more specific and the range of care services is expanding as well as deepening, more qualified ability of ophthalmic nursing staff, therefore, is demanded for the specificity of ophthalmology. Previous literatures showed that training of advanced practice nurses has become the focus in nursing field. In our country, the APN training is primarily exploring practice, however, systematic research and model construction in this field is extremely weak, moreover, APN training research is nearly blank in our field of ophthalmic nursing. In view of above considerations, we designed this subject to explore some related problems of APN training in field of ophthalmology, hoping to lay the foundation for scientific APN training as well as providing an important reference for the auditing criteria of APN training.Objectives Studying and identifying specific criteria in aspects of access to cultivation, training style, learning content, the method of evaluation, roles and functional responsibilities of ophthalmic APNs so as to establish a preliminary training model for them in our country.Methods Based on the literature review, comparative study, and considering the realistic conditions of our country, An initial semi-structured questionnaire was developed. According to the content of our study,26experts who work in fields of clinical nursing, nursing supervision, nursing education and ophthalmic clinical medicine were enrolled enrolled for the two-round-questionnaire by Delphi method, and the final conclusions were drawn after statistical analysis of results and the research team discussion, as well as the experts’comments were also taken into consideration.ResultsReliability and consistency of Expert Consultation1. The qualitative analysis of the experts’basic situations (Specialty correlation, Age structure&work experience, Professional title&education level) and the quantitative analysis of the experts’authority (The whole authority coefficient of experts was0.81) showed that the expert group had good authority and representation. The feedback rates of the two questionnaire processes were92.3%and91.7%, and there were13(52.2%) and3(13.6%%) experts proposed several important suggestions in the two questionnaire processes respectively, implying that the experts response actively to our study. In the second round, the option selection rate of most investigative questions can reach more than51%, with the maximum rate100%, Which showed the convergence of experts’suggestion and reliability of this system.The construction of Preliminary training model for ophthalmic APNs1. Access criteria for cultivation:For basic education, the selectivity of "Bachelor degree or above" reach100%. Most of the experts (54.2%) think that applicants should have a clinical nursing experience of at least5years, which includes a three-year general turn and a two-year ophthalmology work. And about70%experts acknowledge the selection method of combination of individual application, recommendation from hospital and examination.2. Content and methods of training:In the five including courses, the highest rate of agreements is the knowledge and skills of diagnosis and treatment for an eye specialist (91.3%); For the training mode, most (more than80%) experts agree that nursing-related knowledge should be trained in nursing college, while the eye-related knowledge be trained by specialized doctors and nurses;70.8%of experts think the time of training should be over one year, in which two experts suggest that should be1.5～2year or2years or above; Most experts (95.8%) think evaluation is necessary; About qualification authentication institutions, more than half of the experts (58.3%)choose the relevant institutions and nursing college/nursing society.3. Roles:Most experts recognized the role positioning of advanced nursing practitioners (72.7%), clinical nursing director or advisers (75%,86.3%), clinical nursing educator (54.5%) and nursing researchers in ophthalmic field (74%), and consistence with the corresponding to each responsibility; And about the practicing place, the highest approval rates of the options are " ophthalmic wards"(95.5%) and "ophthalmic out-departments "(77.2%).Conclusions This study makes the specific requirements of training for ophthalmic APN clear, the access standards for cultivation include bachelor degree or above and3-year clinical nursing experience in general as well as2years of specialized work. The selection method is individual application, recommend from hospital and examination. Training content have five modules of the knowledge and21related courses, which include human society and public foundation, disease diagnosis and treatment, nursing research, diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmology, eye and disease diagnosis and treatment. Training mode is the nursing knowledge trained by nursing college while the related knowledge by specialized doctors and nurses, for which the training time is more than one year. The examination combined with theory and practice is taken after training, which is qualified by the relevant institutions and nursing college or nursing association. Moreover, the tendency of opinions also has been formed in aspects of ophthalmic APNs’roles, value, functional requests in wards, outpatient departments, operation rooms and community hospitals, the setting direction of possible workplace and subspecialties in our country now.