Study On The Chemical Constituents From Artemisia Dracunculus L

Artemisia dracunculus L. var. turkestanica Krasch. was perennial herb withChinese prickly ash taste, belonged to Artemisia (Compositae). It chiefly growed inXinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, and Central Asia also had these habitats.《Xinjiang medicinal plants》recorded that Artemisia dracunculus L. var. turkestanicaKrasch was pungent, warm-natured, slightly bitter, possessed heat-clearing,damp-inhibiting and wind-dispersing efficacy, attended cold cold, abdominaldistension and antiscorbutus. In other countries and areas, Artemisia dracunculus L.was used for food seasonings, anticonvulsant, anti-epileptic, promoting deeper sleepand treating diabetes, etc.We summarized eight types of sesquiterpenoids reported after2000fromArtemisia plants, including eudesmane-type, guaiane-type, germacrane-type,bisabolane-type, farnesane-type, cadinane-type, caryophyllane-type and cedrane-type.Meanwhile, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, triterpenoids, flavones, lignans,coumarins, acetophenone derivatives and polyacetylenes reported in recent10yearswere also summarized. It made a research foundation for the further study.Nextly, we did some systematicly preliminary experiments. preliminary assayshowed that Artemsia dracunculus L. containing reducing sugars, polysaccharides,lactones, coumarins and their glycosides, organic acids, polyphenols, steroids,triterpenoids, flavones, alkaloids and essential oil, and did not detect amino acids,polypeptides, proteins, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones inwhich.We studied the chemical constituents from aerial parts of Artemisia dracunculusL. The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, RP-18and SephadexLH-20column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated on the basis ofspectral data and physicochemical properties. Twenty-one compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate fraction of the95%ethanol extract of the aerial parts of A.dracunculus L., and identified as β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2),1-monopalmitin (3),α-methyl linolenate (4),1-monoolein (5),3-O-acetylursolic acid (6),3β,22β,24-trihydroxy-olean-12-en (7), oleic acid (8), palmitic acid (9),1-monolinolein (10),vanillic acid (11), hesperetin (12), naringenin (13), quercetin (14), rutin (15),scoparone (16), scopoletin (17),7-methoxycoumarine (18), daphnetin (19), caffeicacid (20), and chlorogenic acid (21). All compounds were isolated from A.dracunculus L. for the first time. Compounds3-7and10were firstly reported in thisgenus.The chemical components of essential oil in estragon leaves from Balikun wereextracted by petroleum ether extraction (PEE), and then, analyzed and identified byGC-MS. There were45chemical components in it, representing90.09%of total peakarea. The total content of fatty acid and fatty acid ester in estragon leaves was58.84%,and the content of methyl oleate (14.44%) was the highest.We analyzed the chemical components of essential oil in three kinds of leavesfrom Artemsia dracunculus L. The chemical components of essential oil in Artemsiadracunculus L. leaves were extracted by steam distillation (SD), then, analyzed andidentified by GC-MS. There were49,56and37chemical components in it whichfrom Yining, Balikun and Fangcaohu, representing95.21%,94.75%and98.66%oftotal peak area, respectively. Estragon from Yining, Balikun and Fangcaohu had19,22,9unique components, respectively. Furthermore, there were20identical chemicalcomponents found. The differences of varieties and contents contributed to theirunique smell. The research provided a theoretical basis for further study of theirpharmacological activity and making use of the resource of A. dracunculus L.An UV spectrophotometry method for determining total coumarins in A.dracunculus L. was established. The total coumarins were detected at341nm by UV spectrophotometry, using scoparone as standard. Experimental results show that thetotal coumarins content from Balikun was10.34mg/g (highest). Second was estragonfrom Yining, the total coumarins content was4.560mg/g. Estragon from Fangcaohuwas the lowest（2.998mg/g）. The method was simple and accurate, and it could beused for determining of the total coumarins of A. dracunculus L.A HPLC method for the determination of scoparone, scopoletin and7-methoxycoumarine in A. dracunculus L. was established. we used an ultimate C18column with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water（contained0.4%glacialacetic acid）. The detection wavelength was343nm, and flow rate was1.0ml/min.Components content of three samples of A. dracunculus L. were detected. The methodwas simple, accurate and repeatable, could be used for the determination of the threeactive ingredients in A. dracunculus L.