| . The development of the Geoherbs is the core issue in the Chinese herbal medicine research. The material component in the herbal determines the quality and efficacy of the herbal. Although researches on the evaluation of the active ingredient in herbals and its efficacy studies are increasing, seldom researches are on the inorganic elements in herbals, especially lacking of systemic research about the relationship between active ingredients and inorganic elements of Geoherbs. Chongqing is the road estate area of many precious traditional Chinese medicines (e.g., Coptis, Artemisia Annua, Lonicerae Flos) since ancient time, due to its unique geographical location and rich resources of species. In the thesis, through detecting the major active ingredient and content of trace element of the Chongqing Xiushan Lonicerae Flos, Youyang Artemisia Annua and Shizhu Coptis with evaluation and analysis, the formation causes of the material components in Geoherbs are investigated. This work provides guidance and reference for the quality evaluation and plant cultivation of the Chongqing Geoherbs, and is meaningful for the modernization of Geoherbs.The research includes following contents,1, measurement of the major active ingredient of the Chongqing Xiushan Lonicerae Flos, Youyang Artemisia Annua and Shizhu CoptisIn the first part of the experiment, high performance liquid chromatography is used to measure the Xiushan Lonicerae Flos, Youyang Artemisia Annua and Shizhu Coptis wiht different species, altitude and time of growth. The major active ingredients are evaluated and analyzed. The results shows, 1.1, The average content of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Flos is4.96%, which is much higher than the2.0%bottom line in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2010Edition). The average content of Macranthoidin B and Disacoside B are9.10%and0.95%separately, which is higher than the requirement that saponins total amount should be no less than5.0%. There are highly significant differences on the three active ingredients (P<0.01) between the different specie of lonicera confusa. There are highly significant differences (P<0.01) on the chlorogenic acid and significant differences (P<0.05) on the Macranthoidin B and Disacoside B between the different altitude.But there was no significant difference on the three active ingredients between the different growth time (P>0.05).1.2, The average content of Artemisinin in Artemisia Annua is0.50%, which is much higher than those from other habitats. There are highly significant differences on the Artemisinin (P<0.01) between the different altitude of Artemisia Annua. There are highly significant differences on the Artemisinin (P<0.01) between the different acquisition time of Artemisia Annua.1.3, The average content of Berberine,Epiberberine,Coptisine and Palmatine in Coptis is7.42%,1.37%,2.488%,1.98%.which is much higher than the5.5%,0.80%,1.60%and1.50%bottom line in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2010Edition).There are highy significant differences on the Berberine,Epiberberine and Coptisine (P<0.01) and significant differences (P<0.05) on the Palmatine between the different altitude. There was highly significant difference on the Berberine, Epiberberine, Coptisine and Palmatine between the different growth time (P<0.01).These results shows that the three Geoherbs produced in Chongqing perform high quality. The growth environment has an impact on the active ingredient.2, The nutrient elements measurement of the Chongqing Xiushan Lonicerae Flos, Youyang Artemisia Annua and Shizhu Coptis.Atomic Absorption Spectrometry is used to measure the major nutrient elements in the Chongqing Lonicerae Flos, Artemisia Annua and Coptis.2.1, The average content of the Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ge and Co in Chongqing Lonicerae Flos are9049.24mg/kg,2260.27mg/kg,12.47mg/kg,27.82mg/kg,46.05mg/kg,225.70mg/kg,6.37mg/kg,6.37mg/kg and0.29mg/kg.There are highly significant differences (P<0.01) on the Ca,Cu,Zn,Co and significant differences (P<0.05) on the Fe,Mn between the different species of lonicera confusa. Through correlation and regression analysis, Chlorogenic Acid in Chongqing Lonicerae Flos is negative correlated with Cu and Cu/Zn, Macranthoidin B and Disacoside B are positive correlated with Ca,Cu and Ca/Mg, three active ingredients are all mainly related to Cu.2.2, The average content of the Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ge and Co in Chongqing Artemisia Annua are10244.25mg/kg,1933.26mg/kg,20.07mg/kg,40.01mg/kg,396.72mg/kg,111.12mg/kg,0.64mg/kg and5.09mg/kg.There are no significant differences(P>0.05) on the trace element between the different altitude and the different growth time. Through correlation and regression analysis, Artemisinin in Chongqing Artemisia Annua are negative correlated with Ca, Cu, Fe, Cu/Zn, Fe/Mn and Ca/Mg,and mainly related to Fe and Cu.2.3, The average content of the Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ge and Co in Chongqing Lonicerae Flos are3354.63mg/kg,1086.89mg/kg,26.90mg/kg,90.84mg/kg,485.4mg/kg,222.39mg/kg,10.67mg/kg and0.32mg/kg. There are significant differences (P <0.05) on the Zn,Fe,Mn between the different altitude and the different growth time. Through correlation and regression analysis,4alkaloids are positive correlated with Cu, Mn, Zn and negative correlated with Cu/Zn and Fe/Mn. The Berberine, Epiberberine, Coptisine and Palmatine were mainly related to Zn and Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe,Zn and Fe.3, Measurement of heavy metal element content in the Chongqing Lonicerae Flos, Artemisia Annua, Coptis.In the third part of the experiment, five heavy metal elements-Pb, Cd, Cu, As, Hg in the Chongqing Geoherbs are measured. The measurement followed the requirement of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2010Edition) Appendix IX B detection of heavy metals. The results shows,3.1, The average content of the Pb, Cd, As, Cu and Hg in Chongqing Lonicerae Flos are0.47mg/kg,0.047mg/kg,0.045mg/kg,12.47mg/kg,1.09mg/kg, which is much lower than the5.0mg/kg,0.30mg/kg,2.0mg/kg,20.0mg/kg and0.2mg/kg bottom line in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2010Edition). There are highly significant differences (P<0.01) on the Pb and Cu between the different species of lonicera confusa. There are significant differences (P<0.05) on the Cd between the different altitude.3.2, The average content of the Pb, Cd, As, Cu and Hg in Chongqing Artemisia Annua are0.72mg/kg,0.13mg/kg,0.28mg/kg,13.46mg/kg,1.05mg/kg, which is much lower than the5.0mg/kg,0.30mg/kg,2.0mg/kg,20.0mg/kg and0.2mg/kg bottom line in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2010Edition).There are significant differences (P<0.05) on the Pb and Cd between the different altitude.There are no significant differences (P>0.05) on the heavy metal elements between the different acquisition time.3.3, The average content of the Pb, Cd, As, Cu and Hg in Chongqing Coptis are0.49mg/kg,0.09mg/kg,0.14mg/kg,19.04mg/kg and1.23mg/kg, which is much lower than the5.0mg/kg,0.30mg/kg,2.0mg/kg,20.0mg/kg and0.2mg/kg bottom line in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2010Edition). There are highly significant differences (P<0.01) on the Cd,Hg and Cu between the different altitude.There are significant differences (P<0.05) on the As and Cd between the different growth time.The evaluation of trace elements and analysis results show that trace elements appear some difference law with different attitude, species, growth and acquisition time. There is a certain correlation between active ingredient, trace elements and soil trace elements. |
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