| Objectives: The incidence of thyroid cancer ranks the highest ofmalignant tumor in neck and head of endocrine system, accounting for95%ofmalignant tumor of endocrine system,1.3%of system tumor in terms of wholebody and0.5%of death cases because of malignant tumor. Thyroid tumor putsa great threat to the health of human being. The incidence of thyroid glandtumor changes along with the difference of age, gender and location.According to the research report of the International Cancer Institute, themorbidity of100,000people in different age group in different parts of theworld, Hawaii and Iceland rank the highest with male2.9/100,000, female8/100,000. Poland ranks the lowest in morbidity with female of1.4/100,000and male0.4/100,000. The People’s Republic of China belongs to the districtof relatively low morbidity of thyroid gland cancer. The morbidity of thyroidgland cancer in male citizens of Shanghai in the year of2004is3.71/100,000and female citizens of10.49/100,000. Thyroid gland cancer is the fastest interms of increase of incidence rate of malignant solid tumor over the pasttwenty years with the average speed of6.2%increase every year. Thepathological type of thyroid gland cancer can be divided into thyroid papillarycarcinoma (PTC), thyroid follicular carcinoma (FTC), thyroid anaplasticcarcinoma (ATC) and thyroid medullary carcinoma (MTC). Among the fourtypes, PTC occupies the largest proportion of over80%of all the thyroidgland cancer. The material of epidemiology reveals that the rate of incidenceof thyroid gland cancer, especially papillary thyroid carcinoma, is on anupward trend. There are many causes that can account for the spur ofmorbidity of thyroid gland cancer. A further acknowledgement of papillarythyroid carcinoma, the advancement of diagnosis technique, the raisingawareness of visiting a doctor and the decline of quality for people’s living environment are all accountable for the increase of incidence rate of thyroidgland cancer. There is still not a clue to the causes and the mechanism ofthyroid gland cancer. It is highly possible that district, age, gender,environment pollution, ionizing radiation, spiritual stress, inherent factors, thechange in the dose of intake of iodine, thyroid stimulating hormone, sexhormone, activation of cancer gene, inactivation of anti-oncogene and theoccurrence of benign disease of thyroid gland are all considered to be involvedin the occurrence of thyroid gland cancer. It is of highly necessary that furtherinvestigation of all these factors discussed above and the mechanism of thedevelopment of thyroid gland cancer be made as well as exploring newfactors.In recent years, along with the increase of the rate of incidence of tumorand the advancement of the method of scientific research, it is found out thatvirus is closely related to tumor. In the year of1964, Epstein and Barrdiscovered the EB virus (EBV) in the cultivation of malignant lymphoma onthe subject of African children. The EB virus is recognized to be the first γherpes-like virus that is potentially cancer-inducing. B cell is the main hostcell and the epithelial cell is phagocytical to the B cell. Many gene products ofEB virus has been detected in many cancer tissues up till now. However, therelation and mechanism of infection of EBV and the occurrence of thyroidgland cancer received few reports. After the infection of EB virus, the humanbody is left to the state of potential infection more often than not. More than10kinds of protein are expressed, among which the LMP-1may carry out thesimilar function of active RAS (a kind of G protein). This hints that LMP-1and RAS may share the same signal transduction pathway: RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK. There are other reports showing that LMP-1may likely start directlywith RAF to start the pathway of RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK by jumping overthe RAS. BRAF is considered to be the strongest activator in the RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK pathway. When it is expressed more, it is suggested that thepathway is in an active situation thus stimulating the excessive proliferationand abnormal differentiation of thyroid gland follicular epithelial cells and finally result in the occurrence and development of tumor.This report is conducted for the purpose of detecting PTC and theinfection of EBV of thyroid gland adenoma and the expression of BRAFprotein. Further investigation and discussion is needed to find out whetherinfection of EBV is related to the expression of BRAF in PTC tissues, in orderthat further acknowledgement can be made to the cause of the diseases ofPTC.Methods: The experimental specimens are139cases of thyroid tumorspecimens, which are paraffin-embedded, from gland surgery of the secondhospital of Hebei Medical University,March2011to September. There are98cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma and41cases of thyroid adenoma. Forevery case of samples after the conventional HE dyeing pair a pathologistphysicians were observed pathologically and make diagnostic proof. Take thecorresponding para-carcinoma tissues as the control group. The expression ofBRAF in thyroid papillary carcinoma and corresponding para-carcinomatissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. In-situ hybridization wasused to detect the EBV-encoded small RNA1(EBER-1) in thyroid papillarycarcinoma and corresponding para-carcinoma tissues. The same experimentalmethods were used to detect in thyroid adenoma. Apply with SPSS16.0,chi-square criterion, to analysis the results of statistical analysis. If P<0.05, thedifference shows statistical significance.Results:1The expression of BRAF in thyroid papillary carcinoma and thyroidadenoma: BRAF positive signals are in cells cytoplasm of thyroid papillarycarcinoma and thyroid adenoma, shown in figure. All positive rates seeattached tabulation sheet. The positive rate of BRAF in the thyroid papillarycarcinoma is62.2%（61/98）,55.2%（16/29）for male,65.2%（45/69）forfemale, while in thyroid adenoma is17.1%(7/41). The tumor adjacent tissuesshowed no positive expression. Thyroid papillary carcinoma and thyroidadenoma show statistically significant by χ~2test（Pearsonχ~2=23.604，P=0.000<0.05）. BRAF in the expression of thyroid papillary carcinoma has nothing to do with sex organization （Pearsonχ~2=0.887, P=0.349＞0.05）.2The expression of EBER-1in thyroid tumor tissue: EBER-1positivesignal located in the host cell nuclei, shown brown particle which was deepthan background dyeing, attached figure. All the negative control and blankcontrol results showed no color, no background dyeing interference, shown infigures. All positive rates see attached tabulation sheet. EBER-1in the thyroidpapillary carcinoma express positive rate is64.3%（63/98）. The expresspositive rate of EBER-1in male is58.6%（17/29）, the female is66.7%（46/69）.16cases of EBER-1positive in41cases of thyroid adenomas, the rate is39.0%.Oncogene adjacent tissues all did not see positive expression. Thyroidcarcinoma and thyroid adenoma via the matching between chi-square criterion,indicates a significant difference (Pearsonχ~2=7.519, P=0.006<0.05).EBER-1in the expression of thyroid papillary carcinoma has nothing to do with sexorganization (Pearsonχ~2=0.576, P=0.448＞0.05).3The expression of BRAF in EBV-positive and EBV-negative thyroidpapillary carcinoma：48cases of BRAF positive in63cases of EBV-positivethyroid papillary carcinoma, the rate is76.2％（48/63）. The positive rate ofBRAF in EBV-negative thyroid papillary carcinoma is37.1%（13/35）. EBV-positive and EBV-negative thyroid papillary carcinoma show statisticallysignificant by χ~2test（Pearsonχ~2=14.598,P=0.000<0.05）.Conclusion:1Positive rate of BRAF in thyroid papillary carcinoma and thyroidadenoma tissue is different, and in thyroid papillary carcinoma tissue, EBVinfection rate is higher. It is shows that the relationship between the thyroidpapillary carcinoma may be more closely than the thyroid adenoma.2Infection rate of EBV in thyroid papillary carcinoma and thyroidadenoma tissue is different, and in thyroid papillary carcinoma tissues, EBVinfection rate is higher, tip with the relationship between the thyroid papillarycarcinoma may be less than the thyroid adenoma occurs more closely.3EBER-1and BRAF in the expression of thyroid papillary carcinomashow no significant statistically, suggesting that the expression of EBER-1and BRAF is irrelevant to gender.4In EBV-positive thyroid papillary carcinoma, positive rate of BRAF ishigher than that in EBV-negative thyroid papillary carcinoma. It shows thatEBV infection is related with the positive rate of BRAF.5The infection of EBV is related with the cause and development of thethyroid papillary carcinoma. |
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