| Backgroud:Coronary atherosclerosis heart disease (CAD) is a serious common disease harming human health. Coronary atherosclerosis is the basic pathological changes of CAD, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) is one of its signs and early signs. The detection and analysis of CAC are of important clinical significance in finding the presence of coronary atherosclerosis, and coronary hardening degrees.Fukuhara et.al found Visfatin in2005, which is a kind of new fat factor, and corresponds to a protein identified previously as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), a52-kilodalton cytokine expressed in lymphocytes. Visfatin is mainly secreted by the visceral adipose tissue, so it was named Visfatin, namely the visceral fat. Visfatin similar to insulin, can play a role in reducing blood sugar. And Visfatin also can promote the synthesis and accumulations of fat cells.E-selection is a member of the adhesion molecules family. It is a kind of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo, playing some role in the adhesion and aggregation of macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes and other leukocyte. Many studies have shown that E-selection plays an important role in the formation process of in immunity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and the CAC. Patients with coronary heart disease (CAD) and the CAC lesions exist different degrees of serum E-selection levels’ rising trends. Some studies suggest that E-selection has biological activities released by endothelial cell membrane surface E-selection within24hours. It can trigger effector cells of the surface containing the corresponding ligand and activate the immune response, promote inflammation. The rising degree of E-selection can reflect the expression of endothelial cells E-selection. So E-selection can be used as a sign of inflammation response. E-selection level changes reflects the protein hydrolysis reaction, and it is a sign of the CAC’s activity at the same time.At present researchers domestic and overseas are paying more attention to the correlation of visfatin concentrations with CAD. The researches on the correlation of visfatin and gene polymorphism with CAC are rare. Now using CAC for the CAD risk assessment has been accepted by an increasing numbers of experts. The researchers consider that the progress of CAC can increase the formation of atheromatous plaque, and also has connection with the bad prognostic of CAD patients. This research is mainly to investigate the relationship of the serum visfatin and E-selection levels and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene locus rs61330082and locus rs2058539with coronary artery calcification (CAC) the influence of the serum visfatin concentration on CAC.Objectives:To investigate the relationship of the serum visfatin and E-selection levels and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene locus rs61330082and locus rs2058539with coronary artery calcification (CAC) the influence of the serum visfatin concentration on CAC.Methods:(1) Research grouping.206Han Chinese patients diagnosed as CAC by coronary angiography examination were selected as the research objects of this study, and were divided into three groups. The three groups include mild calcification group(MCG), moderately severe calcification group (MSCG) and coronary artery completely normal control group (CCNCG).(2)Research objects:206Han Chinese patients diagnosed as CAC by coronary angiography examination were selected as the research objects of this study.Testing group. A total of138Han Chinese patients diagnosed as CAC by coronary angiography examination were selected as the research objects of this study. These patients were in the cardiovascular center of the Shandong Provincial hospital between September2010and March2012. There were40male patients and26female patients, with a mean (60.78+9.31) years age in the MCG. And there were45male patients and27female patients, with a mean (65.98±12.87) years age in the MSCG.Control group.68patients were performed coronary arteriography examination, and the examination method is the same with that of the testing group. CAC patients were excluded. Liver and kidney function and coronary atherosclerosis, cardiac color ultrasound, and electrocardiogram detecting were all normal. There were40male patients and28female patients, with a mean (64.73+9.98) years age.(3)Blood specimen collection and the extraction of DNA:206Han Chinese patients diagnosed as CAC by coronary angiography examination were selected as the research objects of this study. All of them were drawn5ml venous blood in EDTA anticoagulant tubes the next morning after overnight fasting venous blood. And then2ml blood was used to extract the peripheral venous blood leukocytes by the human genome DNA extraction kits. Extracting DNA was strictly in accordance with the requirements of blood genomic DNA extraction kits, and then DNA was stored in negative80℃refrigerator. Remaining whole blood was centrifuging by centrifuge3000r/min for10min to extract centrifugal supernatant. And then the supernatant was stored in negative80℃refrigerator, used to detect the concentration of serum visfatin.(4)Detecting the serum visfatin concentration. The concentration of serum visfatin was detected by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay.(5)Detecting the serum E-selection concentration. The concentration of serum E-selection was detected by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay.(6)Objective gene amplification reaction (PCR). Enzyme reaction. Enzyme product identification.(7)Biochemical index. Full automatic biochemical analyzer was used to test blood lipid, blood sugar, C-reactive protein, etc. (8)Statistical analysis:With SPSS17.0statistical software, we performed statistical analysis of datas. T-test was used for mean comparisons. Chi-square analysis was used to make a comparison of rates between groups. Statistical significance was defined as P<.05.Results:(1)There was no significant difference between the patients’ age, gender, fasting blood sugar, TC, TG, LDL-C, C-reactive protein datas in CCNCG, MCG and MSCG (P>0.05)(2)The serum visfatin level of the patients in MSCG was (32.33+9.45) ng/ml, significantly higher than the serum visfatin level of the patients in CCNCG [(25.48+3.28) ng/ml]. And there was statistically significant difference in these two groups (p <0.01); The serum visfatin level of the patients in MCG was (26.12+0.57) ng/ml, significantly lower than the serum visfatin level of the patients in MSCG [(32.33+9.45) ng/ml]. And there was statistically significant difference in these two groups (p <0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the serum visfatin level of the patients in MCG and that in CCNCG [(26.12±0.57) ng/ml vs.(25.48±3.28) ng/ml,p>0.05)](3) The serum E-selection level of the patients in MSCG was(2.21±1.45) ng/ml, significantly higher than the serum E-selection level of the patients in CCNCG [(1.51±1.47) ng/ml]. And there was statistically significant difference in these two groups (p<0.01); The serum E-selection level of the patients in MCG was (1.52±1.57) ng/ml, significantly lower than the serum E-selection level of the patients in MSCG [(2.21±1.45) ng/ml]. And there was statistically significant difference in these two groups (p<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the serum E-selection level of the patients in MCG and that in CCNCG [(1.52±1.57) ng/ml vs.(1.51±1.47) ng/ml,p>0.05](4)The genotype distribution of the patients in this study was consistent with H-W balance theory and there was a group representative in the samples. (5)There were statistically significant differences between the genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of the gene locus rs61330082in CCNCG, MCG and MSCG (p<0.01). And there were no statistically significant differences between the genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of the gene locus rs2058539in CCNCG, MCG and MSCG C(p>0.05).The mutation frequencies of T allele in CCNCG, MCG and MSCG were44.1%,37.9%,25.0%, respectively, which showed a gradual decline tendency.Conclusions:(1)The serum visfatin levels are positively correlated with the incidence and development of CAC.(2)The serum E-selection levels are positively correlated with the incidence and development of CAC.(3)There is genetic variation of rs61330082in Chinese Han population in Shandong Province. Gene T plays some role in cardiovascular protection.(4)There is genetic variation in rs61330082, but there is no significant correlation with CAC lesions. |
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