| Objective: To understand the nutritional components in breast milk atthe different stages of lactation in Shijiazhuang, and study the influencefactors of infant growth and development so that it guided maternal diet andprovided the scientific basis for the development of complementary food andformula and infant growth promotion.Methods: Two hospitals in Shijiazhuang were selected with the clusterrandom sampling method, one ward was randomly selected from each hospital.80~100parturients were randomly selected in each ward, and eliminatedincompliant people until the number of respondents was met. Requirements:The parturient was hospitalized delivery in Shijiazhuang city, breast feeding,no drink, no smoking, normal and healthy lactating, and didn’t useimmunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy. With the questionnaire, thegeneral situation of parturient and the lactational quantity were investigated.The dietary status of parturient and infant growth level were tracking recordedat1,3and6month age.150ml breast milk samples (time: the first andsecond week, the first, second, third and forth month) were collected fromlactating women. All breast milk samples were stored at-80℃. The sampleswere thawed and blended at room temperature and detected for macronutrients(Miris HMA) and minerals (ICP-MS). EpiData3.1was used for data inputtingand SPSS13.0was used for data analysis.Results:1The fat contents of breast milk of urban lactating mothers were2.60±0.83,2.88±0.76,3.11±1.13,2.53±1.17,2.06±0.92and1.47±0.74g/100ml in different period (time: the first and second week, the first, second,third and forth month). The protein contents respectively were22.12±0.35, 1.72±0.41,1.52±0.27,1.31±0.34,1.06±0.28and1.03±0.32g/100ml indifferent period. The carbohydrate contents respectively were6.90±0.25,6.99±0.39,7.03±0.19,7.06±0.3,7.09±0.18and7.07±0.35g/100ml in differentperiod. The energy respectively were60.94±8.38,61.41±9.18,62.79±9.78,57.95±10.64,51.84±7.72and46.33±7.35kcal/100ml in different period.2The calcium contents of breast milk of urban lactating mothers were16.59±3.22,16.42±3.46,19.24±3.56,20.45±4.86,22.15±2.87and24.16±9.87mg/100ml in different period. The iron contents were30.81±9.96,35.01±8.51,38.20±12.47,32.43±15.75,24.78±7.88and23.69±8.3μg/100ml in differentperiod. The zinc contents were0.34±0.12,0.29±0.06,0.19±0.06,0.17±0.06,0.11±0.033and0.10±0.04mg/100ml in different period. The cooper contentswere51.67±13.15,54.79±8.42,41.44±8.27,38.26±10.11,24.50±8.02and26.54±4.77μg/100ml in different period. The sodium contents were62.23±7.24,61.23±8.13,58.15±7.92,53.00±8.97,47.82±7.76and48.46±12.83mg/100ml in different period. The potassium contents were34.09±12.84,24.54±5.00,19.84±7.83,18.11±7.73,13.84±4.96and13.56±7.45mg/100ml in different period. The magnesium contents were2.09±0.37,1.95±0.33,2.14±0.43,2.36±0.62,2.50±0.66and2.90±0.92mg/100ml in different period.3The protein content of urban lactating mothers’ colostrum was higherthan rural, but the fat, energy, copper, iron contents of rural lactating motherswere higher than urban, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The protein content of urban lactating mothers was higher than rural in thefirst lactation month. the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Thenurtients of breast milk had no differences between the rural and urbanlactating mothers in the third lactation month.4There was significant correlation between the height of infants at1month age and the birth length (P<0.05). Significant correlation was foundbetween the weight of babies at1month age and the birth weight either(P<0.05). There were no significant correlation between mother’s age,height, weight, nutrients and weight and height. The infant gain of weight was high whose mother’s milk secretion was much, the difference wasstatistically significant (P<0.05). Male’s gain of height and weight werehigher than females, and the increasing value of height and weight of urbaninfants was higher than rural, but the difference was statistically significant.There were no difference of the delivery methods, rooming-in or not and thehistory of abortion about infant gain of height and weight.5There was significant correlation between the height at3month ageand the birth length and mother’s height. Significant correlation was foundbetween the weight of infants at3month age and the birth weight either(P<0.05). There was no correlation of mother’s age and nutrients. The gainof weight of mixed feeding was higher than breast feeding, the differencewas statistically significant (P<0.05). Male’s gain of height and weight washigher than female’s, the gain of height and weight of urban infants washigher than rural, but the difference wasn’t statistically significant. Therewere no difference of the delivery methods, rooming-in or not, the history ofabortion about the gain of height and weight.6The infant height and weight of high SES score were higher than theother groups in different period, but three groups had no statisticallysignificant difference.7When the mother’s SES, milk secretion and infant gender werecorrected, the logistic regression shown that the prevalence of overweightand obesity of mixed feeding was significantly higher than breast feeding,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:1Nutrients of breast milk changed greatly with prolonged lactation.The fat content increased gradually, to the maximum in the first month, butsubsequently began to decline. The protein content declined with prolongedlactation. The carbohydrate content remained relatively stable. The energybegan to decline after the first month.2Calcium content risen with the extension of lactation, but the contentwas lower than other researches. Iron was the highest in the first month and began to decline, the content was close to the reference value ofInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Zinc content decreased withthe time and was lower than other researches, but was close to the referencevalue of IAEA. Copper, potassium and sodium content decreased with time,magnesium content remained relatively stable. There were close to thereference value of IAEA.3There were some differences of breast milk between urbal and ruralmothers. The protein of urban lactating monthers’ colostrum was higher thanrural, and the similar situation was found in the first lactation month. Thenutrients had no significant difference in the third lactation month.4The baby’s height was mainly related to genetic factors, but theweight was related to feeding factors.5The prevalence of overweight and obesity of mixed feeding infantswas significantly higher than breast feeding.6There was no effects on the growth and development of infants withthe nutrients of breast milk.7There was no effects on the growth and development of infants withmother’s SES. |
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