Study Of Chinese Japanese Learners’ Acquisition Of "Noda"

The form “Noda” at the end of Japanese sentences has many variants, usages andexpressions of homoionym, which is one of the difficulties in language study and agrammatical point at which errors often appear. There are a lot of treatises andnoumena-based linguistic researches on “Noda”, but learner-based studies of secondlanguage acquisition of it are quite few.Therefore, by taking some junior and senior students of Japanese majors as thesubjects, this paper, in the way of questionnaire survey, tries to use the secondlanguage acquisition research ideas and methods to investigate the acquisitionsituation of the various usages of this “Noda” through the analyses of the statisticresults and the misused cases, the learners’ acquisition difficulty and tendency on thisgrammatical point are clarified and some suggestions to learn it better are put forward.To be on the top of the acquisition status of various usages of the “Noda” and toexamine the knowledge structure of the learners, the unified, more detailed, standardclassification, JiTianMaoHuang’s (1988) classification system, is adopted in thispaper with a supplementary of the two oral usages of very high applicationfrequencies, relatively fixed “Qianzhi” and “Xianchu” forms pointed out byBaiChuanBoZhi et al (2001). The subjects are44junior and senior students ofJapanese majors from Luoyang Normal College. For questionnaire’s better validity, tominimize the temptation of guessing by sheer multiple-choice items, a combination ofmultiple choice and translation items is made for the questionnaire,2questions ofmultiple choice and translation for each investigation usage. By statistical analyses of the results, findings of this paper are as follows.(1) Among the various usages of“Noda”,“Qianzhi”, confirm usage of “Xianchu”,with higher correct utilization rate, are usages that are more easily acquired.“Faxian”,“Huanyan”,“Mingling” and usage of "Jueyi", with lower correct utilization rate, arethe difficult usages in acquisition.(2) Among the various usages of “Noda”, the utilization rate of “Noda” intranslation items is obviously low, forming an apparently sharp contrast with the rateof multiple choices, which verifies the temptation of multiple-choice items on the onehand and the learner’s one-way acquisition of “Noda” and low output on the otherhand. This also shows that learners can associate its expression function from itsgrammar form but can’t select correct and proper grammar form from the context andby the speaker’s expressed intention.(3) Among all kinds of phenomena of misused “Noda”, an obvious tendency ofmisuse of “Noda” is the unreasonable omission of it, which reflects two inadequacies:one is the learner’s insufficient grasp of the differences between using“Noda”(“Noda” shape) and not using “Noda”(zero form); the other is the learner’svagueness to the differences between“Noda” and its similar expressions, which do notrefer to the general expression patterns pointed out in grammar reference books likethe“Noda”,“Wakeda” and “Monoda” etc, but to the broader synonymous expressionsof the function-based forms and differences like the distinction between the usage of"Mingling" and "Tekudasayi", the functional differences of the modal particlesamong the usage of "Faxian","Yao","Wa" and "Ne" and so on.