The Curse Of Knowledge In Children’s False Belief And Belief-Desire Reasoning Tasks

For nearly 30 years, the domestic and foreign development psychology circles on the psychological theory (theory of mind, hereinafter referred to as TOM) studies have been high attention. A false belief among the children of many research task, for four years old children can’t through the classic false belief this phenomenon task, the researchers successively put forward " Conceptual Deficit Accounts " and " Expression Accounts " two different interpretations. In 2004, Birch and Bloom puts forward " the curse of knowledge " this concept, they think, "knowledge deviation" is 3 years old children can’t through the false belief of the task a reason, young children in classic false belief on the task is hard because the influence of the existing knowledge deviation. The research of attention, begin from a new perspective on children’s psychological theory research.Based on the traditional false belief the defects of the task, design for ABC location and more contents task in the false belief knowledge of the deviation existence and its children’s faith-desire the development characteristic of reasoning. Research is divided into two parts:Study A:to study the curse of knowledge in childrens’false belief task and support the development of ideas. Birch and Bloom puts forward along the three sites research ideas, designed and three sites, more content experiment task, to 72 children who age is 3-5 years old with psychological theory analysis, the research results show that: (1) children’s false belief in reasoning tasks the curse of knowledge existence.(2) when a false belief task ruled out knowledge deviation, most children aged 3 can be better through the false belief reasoning tasks, and obtain the theory of mind.(3) the task of false belief through the situation of test and gender have nothing to do. That both men and women was try false belief in through the task not achieve significant difference.(4) 3-5 years old children in complete ABC location and more contents task, which takes out knowledge false belief deviation duties, the difference was not significant, not a qualitative leap, support" Expression Accounts ".Study B:In study A that existing the curse of knowledge, under the precondition of Leslie and others propose in reference to the four types of faith-desire experiment materials at the same time, out of the knowledge of the materials deviation, to review in four kinds of belief-desire reasoning tasks characteristic and beliefs of the concept of concept and desire for order, the research results show that:(1)5 years old children can pass the false belief basic task close to desire, and more than half of the people to be able smoothly pass the false belief desire to avoid task.(2) children complete four kinds of belief-desire reasoning tasks from easy to difficult order is roughly:true belief close to desire, true faith avoid desire and false beliefs wish development tends to synchronous, false beliefs wish to avoid.(3) children’s common problems in the idea of performance is superior to the behavior problems on performance. Children can objectively reasoning others belief-desire, but when required further predict the behavior of others, the need to use more cognitive resources.(4) children get to advance the concept of faith, and the concept of desire for tend to synchronization.