Analyze Rawls’Utilitarianism Critical Theory

In1971, Rawls published a book called “A Theory of Justice”. The bookaroused widespread attention in the community. He gradually build their own theoryof justice, in order to criticize the principle of classical utilitarianism, and attempt totranscend and replace the dominant position where utilitarianism theory in modernmoral philosophy through a more abstract social contract theory. Rawls pointed outthat the utilitarian interests of the degree as a standard to evaluate things is good orevil, it is a defect of theory. The principle of utilitarianism neglects people’srights.Eventually, it can only fall into a narrow teleology. Face Rawls’ criticism,utilitarianism is not resigned to playing second fiddle, they also criticize Rawls’theories to respond to the maintenance of the utilitarian rationality which twoprinciples of justice, difference principle, and its maximum and minimum principles.Then, Rawls efforts to amend and develop the system of theory of justice, and tryingto prove their theoretical system is right.The article is divided into four parts: it will expound the social background, thetheoretical background and academic background that the critical theory ofutilitarianism through researching the history of ideas, and this is the first chapter. Forthe second chapter, is of Rawls’ criticism of the utilitarianism, specifically through theargument of the two principles of justice to try to return to the original condition ofRawls’ justice theory. The third chapter is to analyze utilitarianism’s rebuttal about thejustice theory of the rationality of defense, and discuss the unification betweendeontology and teleology. Finally, it will analyze the positive factors and negativefactors about Rawls’ utilitarian critical theories, and combined with China’s currentsituation to explore the moral and social development of the theory, individualeconomic and social system construction can be played by the revelation role.The innovation of this paper is to attempt to study the new theory to maintain thedefect of justice theory, through combining with Rawls’ new writing and analyzingthe argument between Rawls and the utilitarian. This paper will maintain Rawls’theory through the maintenance of the original state, and re-interpretation of theprinciples of justice. Combination of contemporary social and moral development of China’s socialistconstruction, the gap between the rich and the poor and the social system constructedby drawing on Rawls’ theory of justice in order to criticize utilitarianism and want tobring a certain practical significance of these issues.