A Study On The Wangyoufang Culture

During the later half of three millennia B.C. of the later Longshan(龙山) era,various archaeological cultures in Central Plains collide and communicate with eachother, showing the situation of both depend on each other, and competition in thedevelopment. Entrenched in the centre of huanghuai plain, Wangyoufang(王油坊)culture communicate with the Meishan type of the third period of Wangwansanqiculture in the centre of Henan area, showing the state of cultures blending. It alsocommunicates with Longshan(龙山) culture in Shandong area and the second period ofHougang(后岗) culture in the north Henan and south Hebei. The culture ofWangyoufang(王油坊) had a profound impact on the cultural pattern in Central Plainsof Longshan(龙山) era and beyond.In this paper, I re-index and sort Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture’s relatedmaterials. First is to analyze the stage of Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture and reveal thecultural connotations and differences from each period. The second is to discuss theorigin of Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture and its relationship with surrounding cultures. Finally, based on the above analysis, the author expounds the dynamic evolutionprocess of Wangyoufang(王油坊) cultural formation and development. From thisperspective, I explored the cultural pattern vicissitude at the period of the laterLongshan(龙山) culture in the area, as well as cultural exchange and influence, such asMeishan type, the second period of Hougang(后岗) culture, Wangyoufang(王油坊)culture and Longshan(龙山) culture of Shandong in Huanghuai plain.The article will be divided into four parts:Introduction：It is about the reasons of this writing and the time-space category ofthe object of study. Introducing the brief history of research of Wangyoufang(王油坊)culture, pointing out that the outstanding academic views and issues to be resolved atpresent.The first chapter: the staging research on Wangyoufang(王油坊) cultureWangyoufang(王油坊) culture can be divided into three stages by analyzingtypical sites, such as Lutaigang(鹿台岗), Wangyoufang(王油坊) and Duangang(段岗)site, which in turn determines the time of other sites of Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture,and Outlines the typical artifacts’ characteristics of development and evolution on eachstage. Also, I discuss the relative and absolute ages on Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture.The second chapter: The source and flow direction of Wangyoufang(王油坊) cultureAfter contrasting cultural feature between Wangyoufang(王油坊) and Yuchisi, Isuggest that Yuchisi(尉迟寺) type is just one of the sources of Wangyoufang(王油坊)culture, in its process of formation it was also influenced by the early remains of thesecond period of Hougang(后岗) culture.Regard to the flow direction, Eliot culture and Yueshi(岳石) culture entered intothe Eastern Henan almost the same time, from a relative age perspective. Bycomparing the artifacts form and the combination of Wangyoufang(王油坊),YueShi(岳石)and Erlitou(二里头) culture, I think Wangyoufang(王油坊)’s maincultural factors join the body of Erlitou(二里头) culture, and some factors join Yueshi(岳石)culture.The third chapter: the relationship between Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture and thesurrounding culturesWith Longshan(龙山) culture. By comparing the artifacts form, I learned thatWangyoufang(王油坊) culture in the process of its development closely associatedwith Yinjiacheng type of Longshan(龙山) culture in Shandong.With the second period of Hougang(后岗) culture. Through deep-abdomen canform contrast, I learned that the early, medium phase of Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture were at the same age as the second phase of Hougang(后岗) culture’s mediums’, theirlate period were at the same age. The author thinks that the formation ofWangyoufang(王油坊) culture influenced by the second phase of Hougang(后岗)culture, and has frequent communication in its developing process afterwards.With Meishan(煤山) type. By comparing the form of high-necked pot, single-earpot, grooving basin, I learned that the medium, late phase of Wangyoufang(王油坊)culture were at the same age as the first stage of Meishan(煤山) type, and its late stagecan be late as the second stage of Meishan type. By comparing artifacts form andcombination, the author points out that the medium, late phase of Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture is strongly influenced by Meishan type.The forth chapter: a dynamic investigation for Wangyoufang(王油坊) culture’sformation and evolution, and related issuesI have an all-round study on the dynamic investigation for Wangyoufang(王油坊)culture’s formation and evolution. Then I think the formation of Wangyoufang(王油坊)culture inherit some cultural factors from Yuchisi type and the second phase ofHougang(后岗) culture, while emerge some distinctive pottery class, such asside-mount tripod, mother-mouth urn, for cover and so on. At the late Longshan(龙山) age, the distribution area of Wangyoufang(王油坊)culture, which includes eastern Henan, southwest Shandong and north Anhui, has thepotential of advancing westward, fierce collision with western Meishan type, frequentcultural exchanges with its northern the second period of Hougang(后岗) culture. It isnot only an important background for emergence of Erlitou culture, but also as one ofthe source of Erlitou culture and Yueshi culture, contributing a lot to their birth.