Two Ears Short Grass From Different Ecological Environment In The Genetic Diversity Analysis

Brachypodium distachyon is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, Middle Eastand other places. Based mostly diploid, the genome size is about300Mbp. As closelyrelated to the cereal crops, it is an ideal model plant for temperate cereal crops andgrasses. As an emerging model plant, it is of great significance to research on thegenetic resources of B. distachyon.In the present study, an experiment was conducted to analyze the diversities interms of7phenotypic traits among189ecotypes of Brahcypodium distachyon (Bd)originating from7different locations in Israel. They were grown under the naturalclimatic conditions in the Chengdu Plain. There were significant differences amongpopulations or among families within a population on the traits. The VSTof5traits is57.00%, which indicated that the variance among populations was the main part of thephenotypic variation. Spearman’s rank correlation test indicated that there was a greatlypositive correlation between4pairs of the7traits, the correlation matrix betweenphenotypic traits and climatic variables contained23significant (p<0.05) correlations.12populations could be divided into5groups by UPGMA-DIST cluster analysis.Population “Evolution Canyon”(EC) has a wealth of diversity.SDS-PAGE was employed for this study among182Bd accessions. The PIC valueof20glutelin bands showed that only50%of them were moderate polymorphism bands.The value of genetic distance between the populations varied from0.0322to0.3069with an average of0.1442. The population EC had the highest genetic variations. Mostof genetic variance existing within populations was observed based on the coefficient ofgene differentiation (GST=0.4847). Spearman’s rank correlation test indicated that thevalues of He and I correlated greatly positively with Sh. The correlation matrix betweenHe in the glutelin bands and climatic variables contained38significant (p<0.05)correlations. UPGMA cluster analysis and PCA analysis shows that182accessions canbe classified into2groups: the first group being most accessions from Nahal Oren andWadi Kelt, and the second group being the other accessions. Glutelin analysis alsoshows that population EC has a wealth of diversity. In summary, the genetic polymorphism analysis of Bd populations and accessionsfrom different ecological environments conducted in this study showed a rich geneticdiversity in the accessions and adaptive differentiation characteristics, which laid thefoundation for in-depth analysis on the formation of important agronomic traits andfunctional genomics in cereal plants. The “Evolution Canyon” in Isreal could be used asa model of B. distachyon micro-evolutionary study.