| This paper took the evaluation analysis of the phenotypic character of66germplasm of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi to establish selection index system and screened a group of excellent germplasm. In the all germplasm,57germplasm were previously collected by our research group and9germplasm was collected later in the major regions. For the57germplasm, observation was taken to analyse morphological characters on the ground and underground between the parents and offsprings, then HPLC was used to analyse the content of five major chemical components for quality evaluation indexs. For the9germplasm, the provenance trial was taken, the variation of yield and main chemical component contents were analysed to evaluate the influence of germplasm and environment on the main quantitative traits. The initial comprehensive selection equations of yield and main chemical component contents were set up, providing the technical support for fast and accurate selection of germplasm with excellent features. At the same time, some excellent germplasm were preliminary selected, providing fine materials for the breeding. The main research results obtained are as follows:1. Morphological characters variation of the different germplasm of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is rich. Through the analysis of morphological characters, we found that there were great variations between the provenance. The average variation coefficient of overground morphological characters is25.89%in parent,18.12%in offsprings. And the average variation coefficient of the underground morphological characteristics is21.35%in parent,27.59%in the offsprings. Stem luster and leaf luster have the highest marks for variation. The preliminary exploration on genetic law of the main morphological characters:the character stability of stem color, growth period and root fresh weight for years-growth are better, and stem color distribution, stem luster, leaf luster and leaf colour are easy to be influenced by environment.2. Chemical composition variation of the different germplasm of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is rich. Average variation coefficient of5chemical compositions in different germplasm is11.81%. There are different degrees of correlation between the main chemical components content and morphological characters, Scutellaria baicalens with tall plant height and late blooming has higher baicalin content than that with short plant height and early blooming. The lighter color of stem has higher content of Baicalein. The stem color distribution is more uniform, the plant may have more wogonin. The plant with small plant range, light stem color, glabrous leaves would have higher content of oroxylin A. The preliminary exploration of inheritance for five kinds of chemical composition shows, baicalin heredity is better, and the group of low baicalin content has higher hereditary than the group with high content. The group of low wogonoside content has a better hereditary. Baicalein and wogonin have a poorer hereditary, easy to be influenced by environment. Group with high content of oroxylin A has a better hereditary.3Germplasm and environment have different influence on yield and chemical constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The results of variance analysis showed:in addition to Wogonin, the influence of germplasm and environment on all traits was significant (p<0.05). The interaction of germplasm and environment have a great effect on root fresh weight and the content of baicalein and wogonin. most of the indexs of Zl,Z2,Z4and Z6were positive through the analysis of effect of germplasm, it showed that Z4and Z6had a positive effect on the accumulate of chemical composition, Zl and Z2had a positive effect on the accumulate of Root fresh weight. In the sight of the environment effect of phenotypic traits, the chemical composition value of scutellaria baicalensis were positive except baicalin in the test points of Gansu and Inner Mongolia. In addition, altitude conditions had great influence on root fresh weight,the content of baicalein and wogonin through the regression analysis of yield, five kinds of chemical composition content and Geography and climate factors.4. selection system of excellent germplasm of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was Established through genetic parameters estimation of the main characters indexs.The genetic parameters estimation of the main quantitative characters of scutellaria showed that its caulis diameter and diameter keeping at a distance10cm from reed head can be used as a key selection indexs for first filial generation; and plant height can be used as a key selection index for the parental generation and we can find that choosing single index, plant height, caulis diameter, plant range, leaf length, leaf width and diameter of reed head’s efficiency of selection was higher than the direct choice of the fresh weight for parental generation;the efficiency of direct choice of fresh weight root, PCl and PC2were better than any other indexs for filial generation; Finally, the related choose equations were established:for parental generation,the equation was Y=0.3686X3+1.2643X9, X3was plant range and X9was leaf width,Y was the fresh weight of root, and the relative efficiency was63.80%higher than the direct choice of fresh weight of root. As PCl was Y, the equation was Y=0.0366X16+0.0427X17,composing of root length (XI6) and the diameter of reed head (X17), and the relative efficiency was146.82%higher than direct choice of PCl. With PC2was Y, the equation was Y=0.3012X17+0.1824X16-0.0354X18+0.0311X20, composing root length (X16), the diameter of reed head (X17), diameter keeping at a distance10cm from reed head(X18) and fresh weight of roots (X20), and the relative efficiency was132.44%higher than direct choice of PCl.5. The comprehensive evaluation of germplasm of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi showed that the stem diameter could be indirect selection index of the root fresh weight. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the plant height, plant diameter, plant range, leaf length and leaf width showed significant positive correlation with each other, and significant negative correlation with leaf color and growth period, these indexs can be the first principal component. The stem color, stem color distribution, stem luster and leaf luster compose the second principal component. Stem color, stem color distribution have significant positive correlation, having the significant negative correlation with leaf luster, which compose the third principal componment; And the caulis number can be the fourth principal componment. At last, classify the57germplasm based on PCA results. And then the9provenances and the parental generation of57provenances are sorted by comprehensive principal component analysis, those ranking higher are fine provenances, but genetic stability of every provenance needs to be further studied. |
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