| The ultrahigh pressure extraction technique subjects liquid and solid materials, with orwithout packaging, to pressures between100and1000MPa and maintains a certain period oftime, then reliefs quickly. Because of the high differential pressure between the inside andoutside of cell in the process of boosting the solvent penetrate into the cells quickly. In the reliefprocess the pressure reduced to atmospheric pressure by several hundred MPa, the activeingredient from the cells within the surrounding solvent diffused quickly. Ultrahigh pressureextraction technology has the advantages of short extraction time, high extraction rate, theextraction of security solution of low impurity content, high physiological active, low energyconsumption, simple operation, high and wide range of application and environmental protectionetc. This thesis introduced the ultrahigh pressure extraction technology and the application in theextraction of effective component from natural products. Salvia miltiorrhiza, Fructus Arctii andMomordica grosvenori were studied by the ultrahigh pressure extraction.Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in China) is a very important traditional Chinese medicinalherb and has been widely used for prevention and treatment of heart disease. Tanshinones aremajor hydrophobic bioactive components mainly in the root of Danshen, which share manyclinical effects including inhibit the growth of lung cancer, antioxidant, treat atherosclerosis,antibacterial and antitumor properties. The methods for extraction of tanshinones from Danshenmostly focus on Microwave-assisted extraction(MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE) andsurfactant-assisted extraction. In this paper, a novel extracting system for tanshinones fromSalvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by ionic liquid-based UPE was studied. Compared with the othertechniques such as heat reflux extraction and ultrasonic extraction, the UPE was found to be themost efficient method, the extraction time was only2min.0.5M1-octyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate ionic liquid in ethanol is selected as solvent. The optimum parameters are200MPa of pressure,2min and1:20(g/mL) of solid/liquid ratio. The UPE technique showedhighest efficiency in extracting bioactive components at room temperature. The yields ofdihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and miltirone are4.06,9.30,20.3,37.4and0.593mg/g, respectively. SEM micrographs revealed that after UPE the roots tissues were disrupted, which enhanced the mass transfer of the solvents into the roots and thesoluble constituents into the solvents. It is a very useful tool for the extraction of naturalproducts.The Arctium is the Compositae burdock Arctium lappa L. dried fruit. Modern medicine hasproved the Arctium has the function of anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and hypoglycemic. The Arctiumis rich in lignans compounds, linoleic acid, volatile oil components. The arctiin and arctigeninhave many pharmacological effects like anti-inflammatory and immune regulation, antiviral,antitumor, treatment of nephropathy. At present, the extraction methods of arctiin and arctigeninare heating reflux method, supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasonic extraction. Ionicliquid-based ultrahigh pressure-assisted extraction (IL-UPE) and high performance liquidchromatograph (HPLC) has been applied in extracting arctiin and arctigenin from Fructus Arctii.Experiments on different extraction techniques were also conducted. The influences of the sixfactors including ionic liquids with different cations and anions, ionic liquids concentration,extraction pressure, extraction time and the ratio of solid to liquid, were investigated to optimizethe extraction process. A0.80mol/L1-lauryl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid solutionwas selected as solvent. The optimal extraction conditions were200MPa of pressure,2min oftime and1:20(g/mL) of solid/liquid ratios. Under the optimum conditions, the yields of arctiinand arctigenin are37.15mg/g and8.04mg/g, respectively. Compared with the conventionalextraction method such as ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and heat reflux extraction (HRE),the IL-UPE method showed highest efficiency in extracting bioactive components at roomtemperature and also is an environmental friendly method. With IL-UPE method, the extractionefficiency has been improved and reduces the environmental pollution. It is a simple andefficient technique for arctiin and arctigenin extraction.Mangosteen is the dried fruit of the Cucurbitaceae Mangosteen. The Mangosteen’s mainchemical components is the triterpenoid saponins mogroside (Mogrosides). The Mogrosides hashigh sweetness, low in calories, good water solubility, stability and safety and reliability, it canbe used as a sweetener, especially as obesity and diabetes sweeteners. The mogroside’straditional measurement methods are hot water method and ultrasonic extraction. The ultrahighpressure extraction was used to extract mogroside V from Momordica grosvenori Swingle at the normal temperature. The optimum extracting process was selected by the orthogonal test.Experiments on different extraction techniques were also conducted. The optimum condition ofUPE was as follows: Pure water is selected as solvent,300MPa of pressure,3min of time and1:10(g/mL) of solid/liquid ratios. Under the optimum conditions, the yields of mogroside V was52.267mg/g. Compared with the conventional extraction method such as ultrasonic assistedextraction (UAE) and heat reflux extraction (HRE), the UPE method used only3min,which is1/10of the UAE method and1/20of the HRE method. The UPE method saved the extractiontime and improved work efficiency.This article describes the application of the pressure extraction technology in differentstructural parts of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources. The root plants Salvia, the seed plantArctium and the fruit plant Mangosteen were studied. Through the discussion on the processparameters of ultrahigh pressure extraction, the optimum extraction parameters were obtained.Compared with traditional extraction method, the ultrahigh pressure technology in extractingeffective ingredients of natural products has many advantages. This article also analyzed thelimitation of ultra-high pressure technology. The application of the ultrahigh pressure technologyin the actual production and the separation of effective components in natural products werestudied, the results showed that the ultrahigh pressure extraction technology is feasible in actualproduction, and the separation of effective components in natural products has a good applicationprospect. |
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