The Distribution Behavior Of Preschool Children In The Game And Its Theory Of Mind

Game theroy was initially used to study the individual how to maximize his interests in the economic behavior, but more and more researchers begin to pay high attention to the psychological factors of the participants,which have a profound influence on the process and the result of game. Many research findings strongly implicate theory of mind as a facilitator of fairness-related behavior.Therefore, in this study I try to explore pre-school children’s performance in UG (the Ultimatum Game, UG) and DG (Dictator Game, DG) as proposer and responder by experimental studies, and to study the role of theory of mind, the cognition of moral and convention rules of the children in the game distribution in the development of behavior.In this study, the individual test is used,93participants are chose from a nursery school in nanjing,which are between3to5years old. Through the study the conclusions are as follows:(Ⅰ) Experiment1used simplified false belief task, to investigate the development of children’s theory of mind. The results of the study showed that:the development level of children’s theory of mind rose with the age growth, the age difference was significant,4-year-old is the hinge of development of theory of mind. The gender difference of the developmen theory of mind t of was not significant.(Ⅱ) Experiment2adopted a series of pictures about story of the moral and conventions of rules in daily life to inspect the basic situation of preschool children’s judgment about the rules of moral and convention. The results showed that, with the growth of the children’s age they had basically mastered the ethics knowledge, but also had the ability to judge others’moral behavior in reality with that knowledge.There was significant differences in the Pre-school children’s pass of the ethics and conventions rules of the task in age,but gender difference was not significan.(Ⅲ) Experiment3used two kinds of game types,the dictator game and the ultimatum game to examine children’s fairness and altruistic behavior tendency in game distribution. The results showed that:1) There was not significant gender difference in preschoolers’offer in dictator game and UG game distribution,but it increases with age growth and the age difference was significant, it stated that children’s fair and sharing behavior increased with age growth. a considerable number of children considered fair standards and other people’s income in making offer as proposer. It showed that children have known more strategies in UG game along with the age growth and made himself to get stickers.2)Children’s gender differences was significant, girls was more generous than boys in UG game,girls make bigger offer in UG fair scenel.3) There was significant age difference When children in UG fair scene1, this difference mainly reflected between3years old and4years old. There were no significant age and gender differences in UG fair scene2.That maybe because pre-school children were still is in the results directional stage of moral, they valued results rather than intention.(IV) This research also examineed the development of children’s theory of mind,their understanding about rules of the conventions and moral and the offer in game,also with the relations of this three. To explore children’s theory of mind and the development of moral convention whether can promote children’s of fairness and the increase of altruistic behavior. The results found that:1) the childrens’ ability to predict the behavior of others and the emotion attribution to victimizer can affect the offer in DG fair scenel.2) the desire understanding of children can affect the offer as proposer in UG fair scene1; the emotion attribution to victimizer and emotion attribution to self as victimizer can affect the offer when they were as responder.3) others’false belief (fb2), desire understanding and desire emotion understanding can effectively affect UG fair scene2(2/8,8/2) when the children were as proposers.All these results showed that the child’s theory of mind and the their understanding about rules of the conventions and moral can promote childrens’ fairness-related behavior.