Research On College Students’ Major Selection And Equity Of Higher Education

Since this century, our country’s higher education entered the higher education popularization stage, promoting the equity of higher education, improving the quality of higher education has become an important goal of higher education cause development in this century. Pay attention to improve the quality of higher education field at the same time, also to promote the equity of higher education as its research subject. Due to the development of higher education has promoted all kinds of disciplines and professional diversification, professional settings guided by the demand of the social division of labor, professional skills as students learning and graduation employment direction, is not only associated with the teaching quality and training target, also with the occupational status in social structure. In the research of equity of higher education, besides the regional difference, urban-rural difference, gender difference and family background difference brought entrance opportunity imbalance, major selection and major learning satisfaction also gradually be taken seriously. Studies major selection in our country, not only can verify whether professional college students’choice in China exist unfair phenomenon, is also an extension of angle of view.The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu puts forward Culture Reproduction as the typical representative of reproduction theory in new sociology of education. In the early1960s, Bourdieu is developed that students professional choice is decided by its own capital amount and structure. Through cultural reproduction, major selection not only affects the equity of higher education, also influences social justice. It is not only applies to our higher education in the social transformation period, also accord with our social situation what education temperament and education system affected by privilege class. Based on this theory, it is not only beneficial to reveal the reasons between higher education and Major Selection in order to promote equity of higher education, but also to improve the quality of education to promote social justice.Based on the theory of Cultural Reproduction, our country’s major selection have three main dimensions conform to the Culture Reproduction. Firstly, in the starting point equity, gender differences are influenced by habitus and doxa; and by cultural capital and economic capital and settlement from parents and family. Secondly, in the process equity, students’ professional learning exist differences because of the imbalance hardware and software in different colleges by unbalanced education investment and investment of different professional colleges and universities; and interest in learning, social practice and so on are exist differences influenced by parents’ cultural capital and economic capital. Thirdly, in the result equity, family economic capital affect students expected salary. Expected salary with career prospects together affect the further study major selection and thus the further study major selection is inequity by the difference of the starting point capital; Entrance major selection directly affects the job income and social status, and thus the starting point of capital directly influences the results inequity.But this paper also discovers that Major Selection in china doesn’t conform to the Culture Reproduction completely. There are four points can prove the argument. First of all, teachers’teaching quality is significantly positively related to students’professional interest and career development goals; next, students’professional quality and social skill are enhancement by four years learning; once more, the satisfaction degree of office professional mainly affected by professional counterparts; the last, national economic structure also influence the equity of office professional.Through the detailed analysis the relatively fair state of colleges and universities in the United States, we can find out that American colleges and universities have education quality to boycott the difference of gender, race and nationalities, have various educational investment to reduce the difference of starting point of capital, have excellent management system to lower the function from eliminated system, have good education behavior to promote the development of teachers and students mental constructs, have open a startup and job opportunity. Together with the Major Selection Mode state-should-be under the Culture Reproduction, We realized that we need the government, colleges, teachers and students four aspects to promoting major selection equity. Primary, Government needs to create temperament of fair education in higher education field by developing and implementing laws, encouraging college financing path diversity, safeguarding academic freedom of teachers’ power, optimization of industrial structure and opening entrepreneurship and employment. Second, colleges and universities promote major selections by setting the flexible enrollment system, major selection system and professional training system. Third, teachers need a reflective education work by setting a firm concept of lifelong learning and as a conversion of intellectuals. Fourth, students can reduce the influence of elimination system function through their own efforts on the premise of clear elimination system function.