Research On3D Building Reconstruction From Airborne LiDAR Data

Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) is a kind of new promisingtechnology in directly obtaining3D accurate space and feature information of earthsurface and objects, high-resolution DSM(Digital Surface Model) can be obtainedrapidly from it. The airborne LiDAR points contain plenty of three-dimensionalinformation about building, especially the roof information for reasoning. Thistechnology supplys a new way for rapidly reconstructing building. However, the lackingof automatic building model reconstruction algorithm severely limits its application inobtaining LiDAR data of building model.This paper makes a review on research of building automatic extraction andreconstruction which is based on airborne LiDAR data, its fundamentals andcharacteristics of point clouds. On this basis, building extraction and automaticreconstruction method is emphatically researched. The main contributions of this paperare as follows:1. This paper makes a conclusion on automatic building extraction andreconstruction which is based on LiDAR data at home and abroad. Then it makes adetailed discussion on the fundamentals of airborne LiDAR system and characteristicsof point cloud data.2. The classical principles and algorithms of data filtering are analyzed, and thepoint cloud data is filtered using a progressive triangulated irregular network filteringalgorithm. Meanwhile, the paper makes a detailed analysis on the characteristics ofbuilding, such as the height, area, and planarity, and then the building extraction methodbased on region growing algorithm is proposed. The connectivity analysis method isused to achieve the mark for a single building, and lays the foundation for the buildingreconstruction.3. A local convex hull approach is used to extract the boundary of the building andthe boundary grouping, simplification and regularization are executed, which are usedto achieve the reconstruction of block model.4. Two roof segmentation algorithm are improved and analyzed comparatively.Then each boundary of roof facets is extracted and adjusted, in order to achieve the reconstruction of the basic model after judgment of step lines and ridge lines ofbuildings.5. Building extraction experiment, block model reconstruction experiment, basicmodel reconstruction experiments are done, the building extraction and reconstructioneffects are analyzed in the way of qualitative and quantitative analyses. The experimentsshow that the building extraction and reconstruction method proposed in this paper caneffectively rebuild buildings in large area.