The Function Of Calmodulin Gene In The Pre-symbiosis Signal Transduction And Stress Tolerant Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could establish mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the most land plants, and in the symbiosis process the calcium ions are always used to be the intracellular signaling substances which can bind with most of the extracellular stimuli causing specific physiological reaction.Calmodulin is the most major receptor of calcium signaling in the cell activities. It can recept the changes of the calcium signals and cause a series of cascading effects.In the process of symbiosis with plants, there is a calcium ions fluxes in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. It also show that calmodulin regulate the process of cell activities of symbiosis and the calcium ions signaling transduction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and host plant. However, there is limit of report related the calcium regulation mechanism in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.In this study, we isolated a calmodulin gene sequences from the Glomus intraradices, via the realtime-PCR technology to obtain its expression changes when arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induced by root exudates in the early stage of symbiosis and the symbiont formed in different periods and in different environment stress to discuss the notable performance in calmodulin function. These results present that calmodulin in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ragulate calcium ions signal transduction in the early pre-symbiotic between fungi and host plant. We suggest that the process of mycelial growth regulatory role of calmodulin with myosin may assist relevant.Sequence Analysis of protein sequence encoded from the isolated gene, it have two EF-hand at both ends of the structure model, each EF-hand can be combined with two calcium ions and the calmodulin gene in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have high homology, the symbiotic process of calmodulin function is mainly reflected in the early mycelial growth and appressorium formation stage, namely the symbiosis establish an important role in dynein myosin function primarily in the growth stage. Calmodulin changes to the environment are more sensitive, at least24hours will react.In this study, by using different expression analysis of calmodulin gene in periods of time and under different stress we can infer the role of calcium ions and its receptor calmodulin in the symbiotic signal transduction and stress tolerant.