Post-Combustion CO₂Capture Technology Research On Fossil Fuel Power Plant

It is now recognized that this planet and the mankind are under serious threat of global warming, In the global fight against climate change, the development of low-carbon technology is a vital component to reduce future carbon emissions.The information on the level and growth of CO2emissions, their source and geographic distribution will be essential to lay the foundation for a global agreement. CO2emission intensity data come from IEA (International Energy Agency-2011); these are only for energy-related CO2, not for any other greenhouse gases. CO2emission intensity distribution have beenplotted and analyzed.In order to predict possible future situation we must use Scenarios. There are generally two types of scenarios:baseline scenarios and comparative scenarios, which reflect carbon emission trajectories under the current policy framework and a new policy framework, respectively. We used the approach of the Blue Map Scenarios, which assumes the Global energy-related CO2emissions are reduced to half their2005levels by2050, and are broadly optimistic for all technologies. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is regarded as having great emissions abatement potential, particularly from fossil fuel based systems. Since power stations are the main sources of CO2emissions, many methods to capture CO2are under research. CCS technologies are divided into:pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel combustion technologies. Moreover, Public engagement and education on CCS have an important role in global emissions reduction at the same time.For analysis the currently Global CCS Technology Activity, the asset life-cycle model was used to categorize the status of a project according to its development stage, alongside with the LSIPs (Large Scale Integrated Projects) analysis, and it involves:Total LSIPs by geographic region, by Industry and CO2Capture Technology. Also in this section has been a reviewed some of the most relevant international conventions where CCS is involved.Moreover, this thesis shows the road-maps for each country (China, Australia, Canada, European Union, Japan and USA) with its major CO2emissions reduction target for the next decade and beyond. At the same time, a SWOT Analysis of CCS technology in general and by country (EU, USA, Japan) has been done. In addition this thesis gives a scope on tax policies for mitigating CO2emissions as one of the most important policy choices to stimulate the fulfillment of the CO2intensity target to2020.An overview of the most relevant Separation Methods of CO2Capture on post combustion process are been done. These includes:Absorption, Adsorption, membrane and cryoscopy technologies."The chemical absorption-Amine scrubbing technology" is one of the most important methods, which actually is commercial and widely used for gas stream purification in a variety of industrial process. Besides, shows other paths for advanced research and development (materials, operational conditions, etc) in order to improve these methods.The main objective of this thesis is to assess the integration alternatives, to fossil fuel based power plants, Pulverized Coal (PC) and Natural Gas Combines Cycle (NGCC). The database of NETL (National Energy Technology Laboratory) has been used, in order to compare the performance of natural gas and four kinds of coal on Power Plants with different systems; Besides the effect of variability of fuel type in the Net Plant Efficiency, the Net Electrical Output, CO2emissions and captured are being displayed.Finally, this thesis analyses techno-economic data for CO2capture from power plants with/without CCS, results for three main CO2capture cases that are presented:Post combustion CO2capture from coal-fired power generation using amines.Post combustion CO2capture from coal-fired power generation by ammonia.Post combustion CO2capture from natural gas combined cycles.Most techno-economic data available from the reviewed studies describe capture installations in the United States, followed by studies on European power plants. An analysis of CO2capture cost and performance in China is included here. Cost and performance trends are shown based on estimates published over the years2006to2010for about50CO2capture installations at power plants.This study uses overnight costs as the measure-key for quantifying capital cost. Overnight cost and leveled cost of electricity (LCOE) are re-evaluated and updated to2010cost levels to allow for a consistent comparison. All cost data, including LCOE and cost of CO2avoided, cover costs related to the capture and compression of CO2to super-critical pressures, as well as the conditioning of CO2for transportation (but not for CO2transport and storage).