The Spatial Distribution Of Per Fluorinated Organic Compounds In Surface Waters Of East Lake And Hanjiang River In Wuhan, China

As a new persistent organic pollutant, Perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) have stable Physical, chemical properties and long distance migration characteristic, which made them difficult degradation and widely distributed in various environmental media. In recent years, the environmental behavior of PFCs has attracted extensive attention. The spatial distribution characteristics and pollution behavior of PFCs of surface waters in Wuhan were studied in this paper. East Lake is the biggest "city lake" and the Hanjiang River (HR) is the main drinking water in Wuhan, therefore, this study has a typical regional representative and great environmental significance. The main conclusions are as follows.(1) A continuous and closed solid-phase extraction platform used for Water sample pretreatment was builded and a C18solid phase extraction-HPLC-MS/MS analytical method was established and optimized. The result showed that the limits of detection of8PFCs in water samples were in the range of0.25-2.0ng/L and the recoveries were in the range of85.9-105.4%, which suggested that the method is of high accuracy and recovery, easy to operate and little influence of environment.(2) In this paper, the contaminated levels of PFCs in the surface waters of East Lake and HR were investigated and the result showed that the surface waters suffered different degree of PFCs pollution. The total PFCs concentration in East Lake ranged from59.3to314ng/L, and PFOA and PFOS were the dominated PFCs with the mean values of55.0and64.0ng/L, respectively. The total PFCs concentration ranged from8.6to568ng/L in HR and PFOA and PFOS also were the mainly PFCs with the mean values of81.0and51.8ng/L, respectively.(3) The spatial distribution patterns of PFCs in East Lake showed that the east region was the extremely high contamination area with total concentration ranging from212to314ng/L, followed by the central region. In the north and the west regions, seeming relatively less contaminated, the mean concentrations of∑PFCs were found up to97.8ng/L. The spatial distribution patterns of PFCAs and the total PFCs were found to be log-normally distributed in two sections of the river, while the concerntrations of PFOS seemed uniform in the whole HR.(4) According the survey on the surrounding environment of research areas, the spatial distribution of PFCs in East Lake was effected significantly by city activities. The directly discharge of household wastewater and commercial water were the main contaminated source of PFCs. Contrastly, the spatial distribution of PFCs in HR was significantly influenced by industrial wastewater discharge.(5)20sampling sites, i.e.42%of the total sites sampled, had PFOA concentrations above40ng/L which is a health-based guidance level of PFOA in drinking water recommended by The State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and63%of48sampling sites had PFOS concentrations above43ng/L, which illustrated the potential adverse effects of PFCs to human exposure and aquatic organisms shoud be concerned.61%of the23sampling sites had PFOA concentrations above40ng/L in the HR, which suggested that the potential adverse effects for20million people in Wuhan city need to pay close attention.