| Jujube (Zizyphus jujube dates) is the fruit of the genus Ziziphus, Rhamnaceae family. It’s a favored and profitable fruit, and is much admired for its high nutritional value. However, by restricting the production and processing conditions, the jujube industry in our country has some disadvantages, such as the presence of a single product market dates, low-tech, low production level, and lack of industry standards and so on. Xinjiang is an important reserve area of national strategic resource and the mean point of the western development, with long sunshine time and large temperature climate, is suitable for planting jujube Mills. Its jujube marketing develops very fast these years, but some problems such as lack of management at cultivation, environmental constraints, difficulties on storage and transportation, lay restraints on its development.The study analyzed nutritional quality and processing technology of Xinjiang jujube, the results were as follows:Compare the qualities of Xinjiang Hetianyuzao, Shandongdazao and Hebeihongzao. There’s significantly differences on conventional nutrients and secondary metabolitesbetween different cultivars. Hetianyuzao contains235.13±0.66mg/100g Vitamin C,32.10±2.23g/100g soluble reducing sugar,12.16±0.77g/100g total acid,10.85±0.28g/100g polysaccharide,0.22±0.01g/100g total flavonoid,2.29Q0.11g/100g phenolic o Reducing sugar, flavone and phenolic in Xinjiang Hetianyuzao were significantly higher than others (p<0.01).Phytochemicals, such as polysaccharide, flavonoid, total phenolics, triterpene and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), were first studied in different tissues of three Chinese jujube:Shandongdazao, Hetianyuzao and Ruoqianghuizao. The result shows that the inedible parts (peels and seeds) contain20～30%total weight of Chinese jujube. The peel of all cultivars has the highest total flavonoids (0.29～0.43g/100g) and total phenol (0.77～1.20g/100g); peels and pulps also contain the highest triterpene in two jujube cultivars (35.88～40.21mg/100g), significantly higher than seeds; the pulp has6.13～4.72g/100g polysaccharide, the highest of all tissues. cAMP is mainly distributed in pulps and peels, ranged from7.22to33.56mg/g, and has significant difference between different varieties. In addition, cAMP content in the peels and pulps of Hetianyuzao (27.25～33.56mg/100g) is much higher than the other two cultivars. Therefore, phytochemicals in the inedible parts of Chinese jujube are proved to have applicable values and potential on deep processing in some extents.According to the quality of Xinjiang jujube, we developed a new kind of nutritious, rich-tasted, quality stable entire jujube powder. Using segment extraction, cryogenic grinding, extract plus back and other technical, the jujube powder contained all the nutrition and flavor, solved the problem of jujube powder caking, bad color and tastes, and defective jujube could be used for processing, improved the utilization of resources.Preliminary explorated the role of plant defense agent (Biyou) in Xinjiang jujube, found that plants can significantly increase resilience agent jujube fruit weight, polysaccharides and triterpenoids content (p<0.05); it also had some impact on the total flavonoids. In addition, Biyou treated jujube fruit had uniform size and improve the dates of the grade. However, due to plant defense agent worked by inducing plants to produce their own endogenous hormones, application amount different cultivars gained very different impact on their effectiveness. More depth and extensive studies were needed to determine the scope and role of Biyou on jujube mills.To sum up, Xinjiang jujube had excellent quality, rich in secondary metabolites. Xinjiang jujube industry would have great potential for development by using of scientific methods of cultivation techniques and processing optimizations. |
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