Study On The Chemical Constituents And Bioactivities From The Fruiting Bodies Of Ganoderma Tropicum

Ganoderma tropicum (Jungh.) Bres. belongs to the genus Ganoderma of the family Ganodermataceae. It mianly grows in the roots of Taiwan acacia or on the surrounding land, distrited in China Hainan, and etc. Ganoderma tropicum (Jungh.) Bres. is the main wild Ganoderma resources distributed in tropical area of China, Indonesia, Malaysia etc., and its natural products and their biological activities are still not reported. According to the investigation it commonly used for calm, sleep peacefully, and treating coronary heart disease. Domestic and international studies on this genus indicated that the main constituents were triterpenes, It was claimed to possess antitumor activities, anti-HIV, antidiabetics, antimicrobial, antiaging activities, protecting liver, immuno-modulating etc. In an effort to search for more bioactive compounds, chemical constituents from G. tropicum under bioassay guidance of antitumor and neuroprotection for the purpose of developing the Ganoderma resource, as well as providing evidence for the classification and chemical composition of this genus.Thirty-three compounds were isolated from the EtOH fraction of the fruiting bodies of G tropicum by column chromatography, and their structures were identified as ganodermatropin A(l), ganodermatropin B (2),3β,7β,15β-trihydroxy-ll,23-dioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (3),3β,7β,15β-trihydroxy-ll,23-dioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester (4),3β,15β-dihydroxy-7,ll,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester (5),24(R)-tirucalla-7,9(ll),25-triene-3β,24,27-triol (6),24(5)-tirucalla-7,9(ll),25-triene-3β,24,27-triol (7), ganoderenic acid8(8), nor-26-ll,23-dioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-3β,7β,15α,25-tetrol (9),3β-hydroxy-4,4,14a-trimethyl-7,ll,15,20-tetraoxo-pregn-8-en (10), ganoderic acid Y (11),20(29)-lupen-3-ol (12), lucidone B (13), lucidone A (14),3β,7β-dihydroxy-l1,15,23-trioxolanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (15),3β,7β-dihydroxy-ll,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester (16), ganoderenic acid I (17), methyl ganoderate B (18), ganoderenic acid H (19), methyl ganoderate H (20),3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-(22E,,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (21),5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (22), ergosta-8(14),22E-diene-3β,5α,6β,7α-tetraol (23),22E-7α-methoxy-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8(14),22-dien-3β-ol (24),24R-ergosta-7,22-diene-3,5,6-triol (25),5α,6α-epoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8,22- diene-3β,7a-diol (26), ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (27), jacareubin (28),6-deoxyjacareubin (29),1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (30), uracil (31),7,9-octadecadienoic acid (32), and6-Hydroxy-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (33) by physicochemical, NMR analysis (1D NMR,2D NMR, UV, IR, MS) as well as comparison with those reported in the literatures. Among them, compounds1and2were new phenolic compounds, compounds3-10were new triterpenes, compounds11-33were isolated from this species for the first time.The antimicrobial activities against staphylococcus aureus (SA) of compounds1-5,8,10-25,27-28were measured using paper disco diffusion method, among them, compounds1,3,23exhibited antimicrobial activities in different degrees. The cytotoxic activities of compounds1-30were tested by MTT assay, compounds11,12,23,24,28,29showed individually inhibitory activities against human chronic myeloid leukemia (K-562and HL-60), human liver cancer (SMMC-7721), human lung cancer (A-549), human breast cancer (MCF-7), and human colon cancer (SW-480) cell lines. The bioassay of inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of these isolates (compounds1-5,8-29) were evaluated and compounds1,4,25,28and29exhibited definite inhibitory activity against AChE, while other compounds exhibited no activities.A HPLC fingerprint analysis method was established and used in the analysis of chemical constituents of the fruiting of G. tropicum. The chemical constituents and their antitumor activities and neuroprotection of G tropicum, G. hainanense, G. calidophilum, G. luteomarginatum were compared. The result analysis showed that the different fingerprints of Ganoderma contain different chemical composition. According to the separation on G. hainanense, it contains the same as five compounds discovered in the fruiting bodies of G. tropicum by the comparison of the peak time, finding the peak positon of these compounds.