The Behavior Association Of Undergraduateand Its Clinical Application In ADHD:a Resting-state FMRI Study

Part one Altered patterns of resting-state functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderObjective:To investigate the pathophysiological changes in the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) with other brain regions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in resting-state fMRI,and to explore the neural mechanisms of ADHD at the point of relationships between brain regions.MethodsrThirty children with ADHD of school age and thirty age and gender matched controls were experienced resting-sate fMRI scans while blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal was acquired to calculate the functional connectivity of the PCC with other brain regions controls and significant differences of connectivity between group.Results:The pattern of functional connectivity of the PCC for the ADHD group was similar to that of the control group. Significant positive functional connectivity with the PCC was observed in thedefault mode of network(DMN), while negative functional connectivity was observed in the dorlateral prefrontal cortex,anteriorcingulate, parietalcotex,basal ganglia(P<0.05,corrected). Compared to the controls,the ADHD group exhibited decreased positive connectivity with PCC in the cerebellum posterior lobe (t=-3.99), right inferior temporal gyrus (BA21, t=-4.61), bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (BA10, t=-5.47), right posterior cingulate gyrus (BA30, t=-3.44); while decreased negative functional connectivity with PCC was observed in the left superior temporal gyrus (BA42, t=4.27), the right inferior parietal lobule (BA40, t=5.20), left postcentralgyrus (BA3, t=4.06), the left fusiform gyrus (BA19, t=3.57), left insula (BA48,t=3.71)(P<0.05,corrected).Conclusion:The connectivity between brain regions consist of DMN in ADHD group was abnormal,the strengthen of the negative relationship between DMN and task activated network was reduced; Speculate that the decreased internal synchronization of default network and the disrupt balance between DMN and prefrontal-parietal attentional networks may be important neural mechanisms of ADHD. Part two Analysis of correlation between resting-state fMRI ractional amplitude of frequency fluctuation in undergraduate and Go/Nogo task performanceObjective:To investigate the correlation of spontaneous brain activity and Go/Nogo task performance with fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF)of the resting-state fMRI,and to explore the functional basis of response inhibition.Methods:Twenty-four college students were experienced resting-sate fMRI scans and Go/Nogo task while blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal and task behavioral performance were acquired to calculate the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF)and intra-individual coefficient of variation(ICV). Pearson’s correlation analysis between the fALFF values and the ICV was performed in a voxel-wise manner to get the significant fALFF-ICV correlation map (corrected,p<0.05)Results:Significant negative fALFF-ICV correlations were observed in right gyrus rectus(BA11,r=-0.66),right superior frontal gyrus(BA10,r=-0.82), leftmediate frontal(BA10,r=-0.80),left inferior frontal gyrus(BA45,r=-0.78),right inferior parietal lobule(BA2,r=-0.78),left supplementary motor area(BA6,r=-0.70) and right cerebellum(--,r=-0.63).Significant positive fALFF-ICV correlations were observed in bilateral cuneusgyrus(BA18/19,r=0.68),left middle occipital cortex (BA19,r=0.73),left inferior occipital cortex(BA19,r=0.76) and bilateral lingual gyrus(BA17,r=0.77).Conclusion:Close correlations between resting-state brain activities and Go/Nogo task performance were observed in the frontal cortex, supplementary motor area,posterior occipital lobe,cerebellum and some DMN regions.Indicate that prefrontal cortex may have important influence on the efficiency of response inhibition,meanwhile,the default mode network may have possible influence on the efficiency of task performance.