A Cross-sectional Study On The Water-supply Situation Of Schools And The Awareness Of Health-care Knowledge Among Primary And Secondary Schools Students

Objective:To study the conditions of water supply and sanitation at primary and secondary school, as well as the status quo of hygiene knowledge level and behavior of students, which can provide guidance and advice for the establishment of the project plan in future and provide baseline data for the effect evaluation after the project implementation.Methods:A total of100schools were sampled from10counties from Shanxi, Guangxi, Hunan,Anhui and Chongqing province with culaster randomized sampling method. The institutional baseline investigation and students health knowledge survey were conduted among the investigation schools. Dataset was developed with EpiData3.1. Data clean, logical correct,and the data sorting and analysis were performed by spss17.0. Data from the organization investigation was analyzed with statistical description and the comparison between school type and location; Data from the student questionnaire was analyzed with statistical description and comparison among school location, gender, school type, survey methods and age groups; Questionnaire for students of health knowledge and behavior was based on assignment method (right =1, incorrect=0) for a total score, and denoting the total score(low score(<11), High score((≥11)) as the dependent variable and other independent covariates to establish a Logistic regression model, to explore the determinants of the students’health knowledge and behavior score in school. Statistical description, for the normal measurement data, the central tendency was described by mean (x), and the discrete trend by standard deviation (S),and for the partial distribution data, the central tendency by median (M) and discrete trend by interquartile range (Qv-QL),respectively. For the statistical inference of enumeration data, chi-square test or Fisher’s exact were conducted.The statistical analysis results were presented with statistic of test and its corresponding P value, hypothesis testing standards as a-0.05.Results:1).The health management of schools:The launching rate of school health management is more than80%, but the self-assessment of students is low, at48.9%. Fewer than half (42.9%) of the schools hired health education teachers,12%of schools had full-time school doctors. School health education coverage rate was95%, but health habit formation rate is low. In the comparison of health management work, boarding schools were better than non-boarding schools, and county schools were better than the rural schools.2). The schools water supply situation:the schools were familiar with the policy "the supervision and administration of drinking water", but "secondary water health standards" and "water supply section of hygienic criterion" were less understood. There was no statistical difference in the water supply comparison among school location and type.Centralized water supply coverage was low, at50.0%, most of the non-boarding schools and county schools use concentrated tap water, while boarding schools and rural schools use self-provided water more. School self-provided water surrounding protection rate was90.9%, but the disinfection rate of water source and reservoirs was low, less than half of the schools carried out regularly quality detection on the water, in these schools only30.4%has complete sterilizing record.37school has the secondary water supply facilities, more than half of them had no disinfection equipment, only32.4%of the schools had twice a year’water test. Total number of taps in schools reached the criterion, but was lack in toilet. Half of the school’s water supply facilities can get good maintenance and work well. School administrators consider that the main reasons for the water supply system can’t normal operation was system aging and improper system designing.3) students’awareness about health knowledge:There are87%of the students thought health knowledge was as important as learning grades and; Most students were interested in health knowledge. Students awareness rate of health knowledge was low, especially to prevent diarrhea way correct recognition rate was only17.4%, the correct identified rate for hand washing can prevent the disease was only11%, the correct recognition rate about "which kind of direct drink is safe" was only36%. In terms of health knowledge holding,county students was better than rural students(P<0.05), girls’ awareness was higher than boys(P<0.05). For girls, about57.6%don’t know the physiological period;the awareness of boarding school girls was higher than non-boarding school girls(P<0.05),county school girls was higher than rural school girls(P<0.05).Conclusion:1).The rate of implementation of healthy management work in most schools are over80%,and the schools in country are better than these in rural places.The healthy manage rulls are complete.2)Healthy education is on the going in95%of the schools, but more than half of the schools lack of healthy education teacher.3)Tap water and individual supply well are the main source of water in most schools.And some differences in source of water are exist among different schools.The water supply devices are aging,and the manager is not familiar with the knowledge and standard.4)The health knowledge of students is insufficient,and the main factor are gender,healthy lessons,and the healthy condition of both school environment and washroom.What the schools should do is to augment healthy education and guidance,as well as publicize the healthy conduct.